The Golden Age of Hollywood

By the early mid-thirtiess, American Cinema became a dominant leader on the universe screens. Economical, societal, and cultural factors led Hollywood accomplish this place. During the period between 1927 and 1963, besides referred as the â€Å"Golden age of Hollywood† , a distinguishable cinematic signifier, called Classical Hollywood manner, emerged. Harmonizing to Maltby, â€Å"the thought of â€Å"the classical† implies the observation of regulations of composing and aesthetic organisation that produce integrity, balance, and order in the ensuing artwork† ( 2003: 15 ) . Those regulations of cinematic use and sentence structure of movie, marked Classical Hollywood manner as smooth, fluid and easy apprehensible. Hollywood movies were organized to offer pleasance to their audience and involved sexual experiences, nakedness or offense to accomplish that. For American Catholics, this attitude appeared to be deceptive and corrupting the society. After the attending was given to this fact, in early 1930’s, The Code was written by a group of Hollywood executives, The Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America ( 2003: 62 ) . A wide scope of regulations and ordinances had bit by bit developed over the old ages in order â€Å"to extinguish any moral ambiguity in a movie’s narrative progression† ( 2003: 473 ) . But how these judicial admissions of the Production Code changed the nature of Hollywood’s merchandises? In order to reply this inquiry I am traveling to present how Hollywood merchandises appeared to be before and after The Production Code by taking an analysis of two utterly incompatible movies:Baby Face( 1933 ) andWuthering Highs( 1939 ) . In the Pre-code period, movies invariably presented people in sexually implicative, and provocative state of affairss and amplified delinquency as a manner to accomplish a better life. Films referenced sexual allusions, libertinism, harlotry, lewdness, crossbreeding, illegal drug usage, force, etc. During the hard economic times of Great Depression ( 1930 – 1940 ) , there formed the belief that the lone manner to acquire fiscal success was through offense. This was the factor that made mobster movies so insurgent to an audience. As an illustration, politically-oriented societal job movies ridiculed politicians by portraying them as incompetent villains and prevaricators where movies likeCaponeorSmall Caesarwere seen as heroic instead than evil. Women, often associated with sexual hints, were a dominant figures in movies. Along with having stronger female characters, movies examined female capable affairs that would non be revisited until decennaries subsequently in American mo vies. Hollywood did non scruple to expose adult females in bare garments, nor did they waver to demo images that allured audience to interracial relationship and sex thoughts. This sort of mentions arouse an thought that Hollywood attempted to make movies for grownups merely, but in fact, it wounded up conveying big audiences of all ages to cinema. This states that above mentioned figures were influential among people in those yearss and allowed Hollywood increase its production extremely. Get downing with the analysis ofBaby Face, let’s see how the pre-code paradigm was working within this movie. The chief character, Lily, has led a hard life working in her unsmooth father’s illegal tap house, who forced her into harlotry since she was 14. After her father’s dies in inadvertent distillery detonation, she is given a opportunity to get down a new life. Her friend, a follower of the instructions of Friedrich Nietzsche, advises her to take an chance to go forth her old life behind and get down a new one by utilizing her power over work forces in order to obtain the things she wants: â€Å"A adult female, immature beautiful like you has power in the universe! & A ; lt ; †¦ & A ; gt ; You must utilize work forces, non allow them utilize you. Be the maestro and do them your slave. & A ; lt ; †¦ & A ; gt ; Exploit yourself! Use work forces! Be strong! Use work forces to acquire the things that you want! † (Baby Face: 1933 ). After sing his counsel, Lily, accompanied with her friend Chico, moves to New York and utilizing her appeal she begins her manner to the top at Gotham Trust Bank. As she was humiliated by work forces in the yesteryear, her purpose is non merely to utilize them for fiscal affair, but besides to destroy them through this procedure. As can be seen, the movie indicates an thought that honestness and kindness are non traveling to acquire people anyplace and in order to accomplish something there is a demand to acquire clasp of more drastic actions. Furthermore,Baby Facearouses an attack that political system works to mistreat weak and hapless people. This is the ground why the relationship between Lily and black miss Chico is so greatly amplified as they represent a category and gender issue in those yearss. Because they are adult females, they both know they are on equal terms and that society treats them as cipher. In the way to alter this settled point of position, Lily abuses the cringle holes of a system. This is one of the many times inBaby Facewhere the deduction of sex is every bit tragic as if audience is a informant to the existent act. Lily’s ability to be unashamedly unfastened to sexual Acts of the Apostless for her ain benefit gave her a liberated esthesia, and made her short ascent up the societal ladder both exceeding and thrilling to watch. The movie disgracefully implies Lily kiping her manner to the top by agencies of cutting to the exterior of the edifice and traveling up a few floors every clip she s eizes a new male lover. The transmutation that Lily goes through via her vesture in the movie demonstrates her addition in societal place and how cold she has become on the interior in order to accomplish that.Baby Faceis non merely about Lily’s mode to utilize sex as a power tool, but besides about work forces who gladly gives off money and other assets to hold an experience of Lily’s animal pleasances. ThusBaby Faceis non about utilizing sex to mount the societal ladder, but mounting it the lone manner it is possible with fortunes that has been given by political system.As there are few movies in the history of film that have of all time been so direct about satisfying the power of sex,Baby Faceis one of the most pre-Code movies that could ne'er hold been released in any signifier following the coming of the Production Code in 1934. Following the July 1, 1934 the determination by studios put power over movie censoring that promoted the new order of concern. Production codification assured Americans that the motion-picture industry is traveling to be purified of coarseness and unscrupulousness, and changed to righteousness and virtuous amusement. The Production Code stipulated the guidelines of â€Å"what was and was non allowable content in Classical Hollywood’s field of representation† for a public audience in the United States ( Maltby, 2003: 62 ) . Studios, after censoring authorization, strived to re-issue movies from the 1920s and early 1930s, and were forced to do comprehensive cuts. Part of pre-code movies survived integral because they were excessively combative to be re-released, whilemost of them experienced incorrigible harm. Harmonizing to Butter, â€Å"The production codification sought non merely to find what could be portrayed on screen but besides to advance traditional values† ( 2007: 188 ) . Sexual dealingss outside of matrimony were forbidden from being portrayed as attractive or pleasing and after codification constitution they were presented in a manner that would non elicit passion or do them look tolerable ( LaSalle, 2000 ) . Among the undisputedly positive facets of the Code being enforced was the money it saved studios in holding to redact, cut, and alter movies to acquire blessing from the assorted province boards and censors. The money saved was in the 1000000s yearly. Many felt the film industry had ever been morally questionable. The first was a set of â€Å" general rules † which prohibited a image from â€Å" take downing the moral criterions of those who see it † , called for word pictures of the â€Å" right criterions of life † , and in conclusion forbade a image from demoing any kind of ridicule towards a jurisprudence or â€Å" making understanding for its misdemeanor † . All condemnable action had to be punished, and neither the offense nor the felon could arouse understanding from the audience, [ 5 ] or the audience must at least be cognizant that such behaviour is incorrect, normally through â€Å" counterbalancing moral value † . [ 27 ] [ 31 ] Authority figures had to be treated with regard, and the clergy could non be portrayed as amusing characters or scoundrels. Under some fortunes, politicians, constabulary officers, and Judgess could be scoundrels, every bit long as it was clear that those persons portrayed as scoundrels were the exclusions to the regulation. The codification was a set of general rules, which has forbidden anything that is take downing the moral standarts

Brave New World Character Analysis

Brave New World by Aloud Huxley, the reader is introduced to a very different society than the one that they currently live in. In this seemingly weird society, Huxley introduces Lenin Crowner. Lenin is Aloud Huxley femme fatal character. She works at a London Center of Hatchery. Lenin is also a very â€Å"pneumatic† woman that is the ideal Brave New World citizen and is also thoroughly conditioned to meet the expectations of the world controllers.. Although intelligent, she prefers to return to her conditioning and not cause arguments.There are moments of non-conformity in her, but she hides such tendencies, preferring to be an ideal member of the Brave New World. Since she is a true product of the Brave New World, she dislikes traditional human emotions and sees sex as only a â€Å"no strings attached† type thing. It is because of this that she doesn't understand why John the Savage is not interested in her just because of her body. The common question surrounding Len in is does she really love John, or is this simply a case of wanting what you can't have? Throughout the course of the novel, we do see an evolution in Lamina's character right around the timeJohn is introduced. We see the breaking point of Lenin when she does something at the end of the book that she's never done. She cried when seeing John isolating himself at the lighthouse thus showing that Lenin was presumably in love with John. Personally, still feel that Lenin was just infatuated of the fact that John is different from the rest of the Brave New World. Overall, we as readers saw a major change in Lamina's character throughout the course of the novel. I do feel however that Huxley could have better represented Lenin in the beginning chapters and also describe her a bit

Harmonic Motion-Elastic spring Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harmonic Motion-Elastic spring - Lab Report Example The plot resulted in a straight line that was used to determine the elastic constant of the spring and its accuracy based on the slope. In this harmonic motion experiment, the spring oscillated up and down with amplitude and a time period measured as t. The theory underlying the phenomenon being studied here was that of Hooke’s law for an elastic spring (Wilson & Hall, 2009). In setting up the experiment, a spring, set of weights, a stand and timing mechanism were used. In releasing the weights, and starting the oscillations, an electromagnet was used. The procedure was to connect the weight to the spring and power the electromagnetic with the metal weight sticking to the electromagnet, and when the button is released, oscillations started. The hypothesis was that there is a dependence period in the mass of the oscillator. This is proven given that, with the addition of extra mass, the time increased from 8 in the first experiment to 12 in the last experiment. Averagely the time increase from 0.76 to 1.2 in the last experiment. This proves the null hypothesis that time period is dependent on the mass of

Note Cards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Note Cards - Essay Example Paraphase: According to Hammond (2002) it will take until 2024 before Britain can attain the same staffing levels as Europe, thus existing staff are ridiculously overburdened. (as cited in Fleming, 2006) Paraphrase: that this shortage has resulted in almost twenty percent of Canadians having trouble locating a doctor, together with a lack of other health professionals such as radiologists, psychiatrists and obstetricians. He further stated that almost two thirds of family doctors are refusing or limiting new patients. (Fleming, 2006) Paraphrase: The lack of doctors and nurses in Canada is quickly reaching crisis point; in 2004, one hospital in Vancouver was forced to farm out almost a thousand patients because of a shortage of nurses and in 2006 another hospital had to cease all surgery for over a week because of a lack of nurses (Fleming, 2006). Paraphrase and quote: The lack of equipment in Britain has â€Å"reduced availability and eroded quality† and in Canada over fifty percent of equipment is outdated and only when it no longer functions, is it replaced (Fleming, 2006). Paraphrase: In Canada, doctors are not able to work properly because of inadequate availability time of operating rooms, and the limitations placed on the number of patients they can operate on means that those deemed not crucial often have to wait years before receiving surgery. (Fleming, 2006) Paraphrase: a study conducted by Alter, Naylor, Austin, Chan and Tu in 2003, wherein thirty percent more people living in Alberta were able to receive heart surgery than those living in Prince Edward Island. Another study undertaken by Pilote et al. in 2004, found that in Nova Scotia patients have to wait three weeks longer for heart surgery after a heart attack, than those living in Alberta. People living in the north of England are more liable to die of cancer then those living in the south of England; those living in the north are

Memo and email Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Memo and email - Essay Example In addition, employees will receive twice the normal bonus in the coming year. All workers are invited to attend the meeting next week and will be excused from their jobs for an hour so that they may do so. Second Scenario Memo Date: 5/31/2013 To: The Workers of SimuTech From: The Management RE: The Issue of Discipline This memo is concerns the recent firing of Craig Wilson due to flouting company regulations. SimuTech has some of the most flexible rules where employees are concerned. Moreover, it is vital for those policies to be well observed by all employees regardless of skill or competence if the company is to save on costs and also avoid unnecessary expenses. Workers are also expected to tend to the company’s business when they are at work, and not spend time pursuing their own interests on the company’s time. Craig Wilson, though a competent and highly intelligent worker, exposed the company to the possibility of litigation due to his illegal downloading of copyr ighted material. Not only was he using the company’s time for his own ends, but he was also exposing it to lawsuits. Even though Craig has had a stalwart career with SimuTech, it was decided to let him go because this was not a first incident. It is our hope that this termination serves as a warning to all workers who have considered conducting such an operation. Workers who have any questions about other activities that are considered to be illegal are advised to contact SimuTech’s human resources department. First External Business Email Subject Line: Promotional Offering – Susan Monk I was happy to receive your proposal about installing a metal sign at the reduced cost of $2000. However, the Warren Enterprises Corporation is currently undergoing numerous activities that require increased capital. As a result of this, I will not be able to take advantage of your offer at the present time. Moreover, after the present contracts are done, I will be most intereste d in acting on any proposals from the Chamber of Commerce in future. Thanks again for your offer. I appreciate your efforts and hope we can cooperate on business projects in future. Best regards, Name Second External Business Email Subject Line: Request for Refund I would like to address the issue of the float that was created for the Warren Enterprises for the annual Patriots event. I would like to request for a refund of the $1000 that the Warren Enterprises gave for its float. However, it is only fair to give the reasons for my request. The float was quite a disappointment because it had several obvious cracks and its colors, apart from being quite garish, were not those on the logo of Warren Enterprises. The float did not have the name of Warren Enterprises on any part of it either. Needless to say, more than one manager commented about the ungainly float. I spoke to one of your workers about this and included a copy of the receipt along with the letter of complaint I gave him t o give to you. I would appreciate it if you sent the refund at your earliest convenience. Still, you can reduce the fee required for installing the sing on the ball park. I hope to hear from you soon. Best Regards, Name Cover Memo OFFICE SYMBOL DATE 5/31/2013 MEMORANDUM FOR: Instructor SUBJECT: The Challenge of the Subject The firing of a proficient employee has been a challenging subject for me to tackle. This is because I was relieved of my duties owing to the

Flag Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Flag - Essay Example Jennifer de Poyen is both a writer as well as visual artist. She was a critic and journalist for the San Diego Union Tribune, writing about theater and dance. After graduating from McGill University, she studied journalism and finally graduated from Stanford University. In her book â€Å"Seeing Stars and Stripes† she criticizes the attitude of the Americans towards their national flag ever since the catastrophic incident of the 911. She explains how the American citizens treat the flag because of all the gruesome incidents that had taken place ever since. Jennifer de Poyen was triggered to paint the U.S. national flag for one of her painting assignments, but soon she realized that her interest in the flag was not academic but was more sentimental in nature. In her book â€Å"Seeing Stars and Stripes†, she recalls the days before the 911 incident when the U.S. national flag stood as a proud symbol of Liberty, Fraternity and Peace. The citizens respected and honored their flag and held it in high esteem by hoisting it on Independence Day and other important political holidays. The proud waving of flags was meant to show their love, solidarity and patriotism for America. However, Poyen states that a major reactionary shift or change in the American sentiment towards the national flag occurred ever since the catastrophe of the 911. She writes vehemently on the aftermath and states that though many people took comfort in the national flag after the 911 incident, she and many others view the flag from a different angle. According to Poyen, the fear of terrorist attacks and the helplessness to avoid such acts was brought on by the subsequent acts of the U.S. government. In particular, she makes mention of John Ashcroft’s vengefully repressive department of justice. The display of the stars and stripes evidenced a reactionary shift in sentiment of all Americans. Poyen recalls that horrendous day when thousands of innocent people lost their lives

The Value of Pair and Group Work for Second Language Learning Essay

The Value of Pair and Group Work for Second Language Learning - Essay Example But some teachers are not yet ready to change and accept change. Besides, they are unconvinced about the value of using pair and group work in the classroom environment. From another angle of view, the mindset of student community towards pedagogical innovation deeply influences its effectiveness in the classroom environment. This view has been supported in the work of Hinkel (2005, P. 141). The value of pair and group work in the classroom environment is that it helps learners gets enough opportunity to practice the language. For instance, pair and group work help the learners to have enough time for oral practice. Besides, less confident learners get exposure to put newly acquired language skills into practice. Pair and group work in classroom environment leads to less dependence on a teacher, helping and learning enhances language acquisition. Pair and group work change the traditional role of the individual teacher in the classroom environment. Group work is helpful for the learners to share their ideas with their peers. In addition, learning experience in classroom environment under the supervision of teacher enhances the learning process. Dividing the class into different groups consist of gifted, fast learners, average students and below average students is helpful for the student community to develop their language skills. Besides, pair and group work helps the teacher to provide individual attention to each and every student. Grouping the students by considering their ability or language proficiency is not democratic but it leads to the failure of classroom instruction on and tasks formulated by the teacher. This view has been supported in the work of Genesee (1994, p.186). The traditional mode of classroom instruction based on the teacher is not democratic. In this situation, the teacher is lecturing and the students are mere listeners.

Censorship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Censorship - Essay Example In my personal case, I would consider censorship to be the deliberate suppression of speech, communication, information, ideas and opinions in order to influence another person. Additionally, censorship can also be either good or bad or both, depending on the situation or what the author of an article entitled â€Å"The Ed Sullivan Show and the (Censored) Sounds of the Sixties† had termed as the contexts in which censorship occurs (Inglis 565). This article is an examination of the general and particular contexts in which censorship was imposed on the content of written and performance songs during the 1950s and the 1960s. The music industry at that time had seen the need to exercise censorship on some forms of music which they had found to be offensive to public morals such as glorification of sex, drugs, violence or political views. In particular, music industry executives were concerned with the immense popularity of rock & roll music within the younger generations and its capacity to influence these people with regards to song content such as references to blasphemy, sexual content, violence, drugs and political extremism. The period mentioned in article was one of political conservatism. Censorship is controversial because it conflicts with rights under the First Amendment which is guaranteed by the Constitution. However, censorship can change over time because a societys mores and values also change over time. This is the same case with a persons values which can change over the course of his lifetime. In other words, a person while younger may be liberal in most matters but then gradually becomes a conservative with regards to certain issues such as sex, choice of music, clothing preferences and political views. The issue of censorship is also a matter of personal opinion and this is what makes it an extremely controversial topic to discuss. A person may have different opinions

The oil Price crisis in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The oil Price crisis in Britain - Essay Example In The Daily Telegraph publication (The Daily Telegraph: 20 June 2008), executive foreign editor Con Coughlin asserted that "as things stand, protecting their precious reserves, rather than providing the world with cheaper oil, appears to be their main priority". In a similar tone The Times' chief foreign affairs commentator Bronwen Maddox described the Opec summit in Jeddah "a Saudi show, to deliver a Saudi message" (The Times: 25 June 2008), stating that , "Before Sunday's meeting, King Abdullah bin Abdelaziz al-Saud said that the kingdom was resolved to prevent oil prices from rising 'in an unjustified and abnormal manner', while announcing an increase in production too small to have any such impact." In other twist , Con Coughlin, The Telegraph's executive foreign editor, argued that the country is operating to capacity in the article published in The Telegraph (The Telegraph: 20 June 2008). He mentioned that, "the Saudis announced their intention to increase production by another 500,000 barrels per day, which will bring total production to 9.7 million barrels - the kingdom's highest ever level. And that is about the upper limit of what the Saudis can produce for any sustained period." However, "the Saudis will only produce more oil if they believe it is in their interests to do so," The somewhat incongruous perspective by Coughlin presents connotations tending to place blame over the oil price crisis on Saudi Arabia. Other opinion slants presented in the media coverage of the oil price crisis in Britain have focused on the reality of rising demands for oil which has not been succored on commensurate production levels. The BP Statistical Review OF the world Energy quoted in the Energy and Capital e-letter for August 2008 presents that, "It's no secret anymore that for every nine barrels of oil we consume, we are only discovering one."(The BP Statistical Review of World Energy August 11th, 2008). The writer in the article mentions that there is unprecedented oil usage rate on a global scale which has not been sustained by any feasible production increase measures. "The world is addicted to oil. In just 8 years, it's projected the world will be consuming nearly 50,000 gallons of oil every second. By that time, the world won't be able to meet the projected demand... for one simple reason: We're using up oil at breakneck speed. And it's also no secret that official oil reserve numbers furnished by OPEC member governments have been fudged for years. The International Energy Agency (IEA) even admitted to knowing about some of OPEC's wizards cooking their books." (Opcit) The electronic title also provides some sweeping predictions in an advertising blurb aimed at getting readers to subscribe to the e-letter. Some of the predictions enlisted are; Why we're never going to see oil priced at $40 a barrel ever again, what we learned from the 1970s oil crisis, and where the future of oil really stands... How oil reserve supplies will tighten, prices will continue jumping, and the world economy will feel the squeeze... The 3 best ways to capitalize on the investment opportunities of a post-oil economy. In another reportage Independent columnist Dominic Lawson vindicated Saudi Arabia (and Opec) from blame in the current price crisis, writing that "far from operating as a

Menatl Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Menatl Illness - Essay Example For clarification purposes, OCD is a mental disorder which is not similar with having an Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts such as believing that a devil or another being could possibly harm them or their loved ones. Such thoughts results into behavior that seems paranoid such as being overly protective of people close to them. On the other hand, OCD personality disorder is more concerned with rules, standards, guidelines which makes a person a â€Å"perfectionist†. OCD is a mental disorder with two different but related components. These are intrusive thoughts, the â€Å"obsessive† part of the disorder, and repetitive behaviors, the â€Å"compulsive† part of the disorder (Rachman,2003, p.21). Aardema ( 2007) characterized OCD as ego-dystonic which meant that the individual’s elf-concept is not compatible with the disorder ( p.187). On the contrary, OCD personality disorder is ego-syntonic which is define d by Dorland’s Medical dictionary as â€Å" aspects of a persons thoughts, impulses, attitudes, and behavior that are felt to be acceptable and consistent with the self-conception.† All mental disorders can lead to serious consequences for the individuals who are affected by it. Perhaps among the mental illness known to man, OCD subjects the patients to casual and daily ridicule . There are countless jokes – on everything from sit-coms to sportscasts – about people washing their hands a la Lady Macbeth in an obsessive way. People make continual references to being obsessive or compulsive about one thing or another all the time in a way that to someone who actually struggles with OCD can feel slighting and incredibly dismissive. Those who have this condition, far from finding it a joke, can in fact find it crippling and are often deeply ashamed of their thoughts and behaviors As aforementioned, the disorders have both compulsive and

Two Weeks Notice Essay Example for Free

Two Weeks Notice Essay Two weeks notice Bullock plays Lucy Kelson, a committed left-wing attorney with an immaculate Ivy League background who fights the good fight against the heartless developers of lower Manhattan and the outer boroughs. Complications ensue when she finds herself working for one such figure, George Wade (Grant) in exchange for his preserving a Coney Island landmark near her childhood home. Wades not a bad guy, but hes frightfully dependent on Lucy for everything. When it seems possible she might at last get clear of him, she begins to have second thoughts about letting him go. The Movie Two Weeks Notice stares Saundra Bullock and Hugh Grant premiered in December of 2002. The movie follows a mix match relationship between a strong willed, save the community lawyer named Lucy Kelson, played by Sandra Bullock, and a high status business man, George Wade, played by Hugh Grant. The two in the beginning seem completely different but when Lucy goes to work for George, to keep him from knocking down the neighborhood community center, she realizes how needy he was, and how much she couldnt stand it. When Lucy gives George two weeks notice, George realizes that she is an asset to his company. After much arguing she finally gets out and then they both realize that theyve fallen in love with each other. Since they were too stubborn to admit it, it took a huge argument in the employee lounge to get them to let their guards down. Writer and first time Director, Marc Lawrences Two Weeks Notice is a charming, smart, and genuinely funny romantic comedy with terrific performances by Sandra Bullock and Hugh Grant. This a great movie. Inherent in romantic comedies is a degree of predictibility. Two Weeks Notice follows formula, but Lawrence orchestrates enough curves, character insight, and human resonance to make it more than just formula. He also has the great chemistry of Bullock and Grant this is their medium. Sandra Bullock plays Lucy Kelson, a Harvard educated activist lawyer, who is hired by George Wade (Hugh Grant)a handsome, charming, and seemingly shallow multi-millionaire develo per. George hires Lucy as chief legal counsel for Wade Corp. , for $250 K, because his brother Howard (David Haig), the true captain of Wade Corp. requested George hire an attorney who did not attend Bimbo U. Lucy swallows her idealism and poverty, because George also promises to protect her parents community center. Lucy is smart and not intentionally funny, and soon becomes Georges right and left arm he cant to anything without her consult. This only amplifies that Lucy has no life or rather any relationships of merit other than with George. Lucy gives George her Two Weeks Notice. Credit Lawrence and company, when George finally accepts Lucys resignation, it is crystal regarding the unspoken relationship of the two. Wink. Wink. Two Weeks never insults our intelligence, however, it makes us await for an hour and a half. Along with wit and humor Lawrence, Bullock, and Grant provide a a very human touch that resonates throughout the movie. In a very well done scene on the rooftop of Lucys parents New York apartment, Lucy shares with George that she never lived upto her mothers expectations. George says that is different from people having no expectations. This is where movie transforms beyond the opposites attract story. It makes sense of Lucys need to be perfect, and the man that George could be that he is well aware of. In its own light hearted way, Two Weeks looks at where you sell out, where do you become a whore (but in a nice way), and where do you take a stand. And taking a stand is never easy even in a romantic comedy, though it sometimes takes longer. Sandra Bullock and Hugh Grant are magic together. They are both smart and their characters are also. Grant as George is charming, witty, and playing someone who has honor and substance that are dimissed by all except Lucy (Bullock). Grant is masterful at hinting at a depth of character. Sandra Bullock is beautiful, smart, and funny as Lucy. She also stretches herself when Lucy drunkenly braggs about her sexual prowess bobcat pretsel thing. Bullock lends compassion and a whacky sensibilty to Lucy who scares men off by being too smart and too perfect, but still not good enough for her mother. Her Lucy only gets a clue when she hires her replacement (a good Alicia Witt) she is in love with George. The exchanges between Grant and Bullock are so natural like conversation, spoken and unspoken. At one point in the movie, Lucy has a breakfast conversation with her Dad (a goofy and wise Robert Klein). She asks him What if people dont change? The point is they will or they dont. Kind of like loving someone is accepting them for who they are and for who they are not. Be open to surprises. Marc Lawrences Two Weeks Notice is an excellent surprise. He along with Bullock and Grant have made a classic romantic comedy and more. Hugh Grant plays George Wade, a property developer who hires Lucy Kelson (Sandra Bullock) as his Chief Counsel. Sick of calls in the middle of the night and appalled at being called away from a wedding just to help her boss decide what to wear for a particular occasion, Lucy gives George two weeks notice. ‘Two Weeks Notice is little more than a predictable romantic comedy and it is only a matter of time before George and Lucy realise that they have fallen for each other. How the film turns out is obvious, but this will not spoil your enjoyment of it. Sandra Bullock fails to convince as a successful lawyer and businesswoman but she is able to convey a vulnerability which makes the audience warm to her. Like her character in ‘While You Were Sleeping, Lucy is a lonely individual. When she is at home she comfort eats Chinese food, always ordering just for one. There are also no surprises with Hugh Grants character as he is much the same as any of his other romantic roles i. e. very likeable and charming. The film succeeds purely because of the actors likeability and the on-screen chemistry between Hugh Grant and Sandra Bullock who are both gifted comedic actors. There are also enough good lines and funny situations to keep you chuckling throughout

Australian Indigenous and Non-indigenous Health Issues

Australian Indigenous and Non-indigenous Health Issues Introduction: The aim of this paper is to compare and contrast the health issues of Australian indigenous and non-indigenous people. It will also provide an overview of comparison of with Australian immigrants and the strategy used to close the gap between indigenous and non-indigenous people will be summarized. In this paper the contribution of non-indigenous people, which include all the communities such as Europeans and religious based organizations, to the current conditions of Australian aboriginals regarding current health issues and psychological concerns will be discussed. In other words it will show how the health of indigenous people is disadvantaged in relation to non-indigenous population. The health issues of Australians indigenous people will be compared with indigenous people of other countries. Health promotion strategies used to improve the health outcomes in aboriginal community will be identified and some other interventions will be proposed. Closing the gap: There is a gap of health and life expectancy between indigenous and non-indigenous people of Australia and some of the aboriginal communities experience unacceptable levels of disadvantage in living standards. It is unquestionably assured that the health of Indigenous people after the trauma of colonisation, has been significantly under threat. To achieve a significant improvement in health status of Indigenous Australians, a campaign is built by an Australian government which is called ‘Closing the Gap’. It was approved by Australian Government in 2008 in response to social justice report 2005. According to this strategy, Council of Australian government has six set targets to achieve in particular time frame that are related to life expectancy, health, housing, employment, education and early childhood development in aboriginal people. In other words ‘closing the gap’ strategy is an effort of the government to engage with indigenous community and help them to find effective solutions to the withstanding issue and change their living condition to maintain health. Mortality and morbidity rates among indigenous and non-indigenous Australians: There is an unacceptable gap in health status between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Aboriginal community in Australia faces the poor health status than other Australians mainly due to the lack of equal access to primary health care which affects their health outcomes negatively. The death rate in indigenous people was 1.9 times higher than non-indigenous in 2006-2010. Estimated life expectancy of aboriginals who were born in 2005-2007 was around 11 years less than non-indigenous people. The death rate of indigenous people due to cardiovascular disease was 1.7 times higher than for non-indigenous in 2006-2010 and in following two years 1.6 times of aboriginals were admitted to hospitals for heart diseases than other Australians. The rate of indigenous people who suffered and died because of cancer was higher in indigenous community as well. The prevalence of other diseases such as diabetes, respiratory disorders, kidney problems and eye or ear health issues is higher in i ndigenous people versus non-indigenous population. In respect to communicable diseases, indigenous people suffered from tuberculosis, hepatitis C, and influenza 11.1, 3.6 and 20 times respectively higher than non-indigenous people in the time period of 2005-2011. Comparison of health issues with Australian Immigrants: In shaping Australian society, immigration has been a major factor who represent one quarter of the population of Australia. Most of the Australians who are born overseas have risk factors for a lot of long term health conditions such as respiratory diseases, cardiovascular conditions and lung cancer. According to Australian institute of health and welfare the health behaviors of concerns for immigrants are less exercise, be obese, unhealthy diet and more likely to smoke. Recent immigrants from under developed countries are likely to have tuberculosis, Hepatitis B, parasites disease, malaria and leprosy which might means that their health outcomes is poorer than indigenous people in Australia. Inadequate vaccination, vitamin D and nutritional deficiency, dental diseases and infectious diseases are commonly found in Australian immigrants. People from Asian background especially Chinese and Indian have high chances of developing coeliac diseases. Large amount of Immigrants from United Kingdom and Ireland suffer from lung and breast cancer. Due to low rates of Pap smear testing in Asian women there are high chances of cervical cancer. Immigrants from Southern Europe and North Africa had high diabetes mortality rates. Africa born Australians are known to suffer with high rates of active tuberculosis, especially in the first year of migration, than Australian indigenous and non-indigenous people. Refugees are known to have poorer health than other immigrants. They have shorter life expectancy than indigenous people in Australia. Poor mental health, post-traumatic stress, grief, infectious and communicable diseases are some of the common concerns in Afghani refugees immigrants. On the other hand there are some overseas born Australian who has less mortality rates than people born in Australia like Vietnams have 50% lower rates, Chinese 30 % and Italian 13 % lower rates. However immigrants from UK, Germany and Ireland have similar rates of mortality as Australian born people. Effect of colonization on indigenous community: Psychological and physical health, social position and economic situation of aboriginal people deteriorated significantly after the colonization of Australia. Due to European colonization their traditional spiritual beliefs which were their identity started disappearing. Trying to adjust in a new lifestyle which was different from their way of life was stressful. European people at the time of arrival in Australia did not even consider indigenous people ‘human beings’ or equal to them. They moved aboriginals to those areas where natural resources were insufficient. Living in a poor condition away from their land affected their life mentally as well as physically. A lot of actions of European people affected psychological health of indigenous people. Aboriginal people were moved to reserves and they were not allowed to practice their own culture or speak their language. Their children were taken away from them to teach them European lifestyle in institutions where they lost their language and cultural identity in order to adopt new cultural values. Aboriginal people suffered a trauma of stolen generation as a result of assimilation policies of the Australian government that had direst relevance to the psychological issues of Australian indigenous. European colonization, family separation, loss of culture and land and racism are the main factors contributed to poor health and other issues in Australian aboriginal people. The social and cultural trouble experienced by Australian Aboriginals has had an intense effect on Aboriginals mental well-being. Indigenous Australians have had decades of transformations forced on them. Majority of indigenous people were facing poor living condition, unemployment and poverty which affected their overall health and well-being that resulted in chronic stress. Within few weeks of colonization aboriginal people start suffering from disease, like smallpox, that European people bought in Australia and it was one of the most immediate consequences which killed 50 % of aboriginal population. Introduction of a lot of diseases, loss of land and food and water resources, stolen generation and violence reduced their population by 90% in following years. Aboriginals were thousands in number before colonization but after that their number dropped down really quickly due to which they lost their culture and history. The health status and wellbeing of indigenous people was affected greatly by colonization and it still has a significant part in their health outcomes. Today diabetes, infectious diseases and renal failure are wide spread conditions in indigenous people which are linked to colonization somehow. Eating habits and life style of indigenous people is considered healthier before the colonization due to which they did not have all these epidemic diseases. They were physically strong even though they must have had some health concerns but the new and disrupted lifestyle worsens their health. Due to poor social and emotional health aboriginal people had to face disadvantage and poor outcomes lead them to intergenerational trauma. To deal with the symptoms of this trauma most of them adopted alcohol and substance abuse which according to them was a quick and short term solution. Alcohol and substance abuse and use to illicit drugs were one of the most negative impacts that European colonization has bought to indigenous Australians. Comparison of health in Indigenous people in other countries: Experiences of loss of traditional roles, a history of conflict and dispossession and failed assimilation are not isolated to indigenous Australians but have been experienced by indigenous peoples of other countries like who have been colonized. The history of Indigenous Australians is similar to the Indigenous populations of Canada, New Zeeland and the United States. Traditional life of Indigenous cultures was affected by the arrival of European settlers. It is unquestionably assured that the health of all aboriginal people around the world, after the trauma of colonization, has been significantly under threat to better maintain health. Out of all these countries, Canada, the United States and New Zeeland have somehow managed to improve the health status of indigenous communities but Australian aboriginal people are still suffering from worse condition. (Comparing aUstralian and conadian) As it has been established that health can be a reflection social determinants, it would be fair to say that the social status and relations of international indigenous people are further along than Australia. Canada, New Zealand and the United States all have specifically designed treaties of political, legal and cultural significance which were designed in consultation with the Indigenous people that have established indigenous and nonindigenous relations with ‘governments using treaties and treaty-making as part of a wider approach to developing a better relationship with and addressing the socio-economic problems of indigenous peoples’. The United Nations has estimated that there are about 370 million Indigenous people in the world today living in at least 70 countries (Secretariat of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 2009). An estimated seven million of these people live within the high income countries of the United States, Canada, Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia. These four nations share a colonial history associated primarily with the British that commenced between 400 and 500 years ago in the Northern hemisphere (US, Canada) and just over 220 years ago in the Southern hemisphere (Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand). Despite the vast difference in time and place, familiar stories of the colonisation experience and its lasting impact on the health status and challenges faced today in striving for recovery emerge as a shared legacy of unfinished business. Profound health and social inequities persist between Indigenous and non-indigenous populations of all four nations, as this paper and other evidence documents extensively.( Artilce ) https://www.lowitja.org.au/sites/default/files/docs/AustIndigneousHealthReport.pdf Health Promotion strategies and their effectiveness: Additional Interventions: A health impact assessment of the current governments Northern territory Emergency Response (NTER) points out that the Aboriginal understanding of health as having f ive dimensions ‘cultural, spiritual, social, emotional and physical-within which are a number of layers that ref lect historical, traditional and contemporary inf luences on health’ (O’Mara 2010,p.547). It is needed that Indigenous people have greater control over these dimension of their daily lives in order f or the indigenous disadvantage to be improved (Maddison 2009). O’Mara, P 2010, ‘Health Impacts of the Northern Territory Intervention: Af ter the Intervention Editorial’, The Medical Journal of Australia, vol .192, no.10, viewed 8 October 2010, pp.546-548, http://www.mja.com.au/public/issues/192_10_170510/oma10307_f m.pdf . Brennan, S, Behrendt, L, Strelein, L Williams, G 2005, Treaty, The Federation Press, Sydney, NSW. In conclusion, it is clear that indigenous people are disadvantaged in relation to non-indigenous people’s health care. Health standard of indigenous people is not equally the same with non-indigenous people. The current disparity between the health of indigenous and non-indigenous people could be reduce by access and equity in health care, greater connectivity between indigenous people and their advocates, cultural sensitivity and cultural saf ety in all health care practices, community self -determinism and self empowerment on the basis of capacity building, public recognition of the unique needs and sensitivities of indigenous people, public awareness of the implications of environmental degradation and globalisation on indigenous people, and reconciliation with other people of the world . In order to promote Indigenous health in Australia, governments must work cooperatively with Indigenous elders and communities, in order to achieve effective results. http://scu.edu.au/schools/nhcp/aejne/archive/vol3-2/lmacervol3_2.html

Sony group corporate

Sony group corporate INTRODUCTION Strategic management Strategic management can be defined as consisting of the analysis, decisions and actions an organization undertakes in order to create and sustain competitive advantages. Key attributes of Strategic Management Directs the organization toward overall goals and objectives. Includes multiple stakeholders in decision making. Needs to incorporate short-term and long-term perspectives. Recognizes trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness. Strategy can be developed at many levels in a multi-layered organisation there may be: Corporate level strategy Business level strategy Functional level strategy Corporate level strategy describes a corporations overall direction in terms of its general philosophy towards growth and the management of its various business units. Such strategies determine the type of a business a corporation wants to be in and what business units should acquired, modified and sold. This strategy addresses the question what business are we in? Devising a strategy for a multidivisional company like Sony involves at least four types of initiatives. Establishing investment priorities and steering corporate resources into the most attractive business units. Initiating actions to improve the combined performance of those business units that the corporation first got into. Finding ways to improve the synergy among related business units in order to increase performance. Decisions dealing with diversification. Business level strategy deals with decisions and actions pertaining to each business unit. The main objective of a business level strategy is to make the unit more competitive in market place. This level strategy addresses the question how do we compete? Although business level strategy is guided by upstream corporate level strategy business unit management must craft a strategy that is appropriate for its own operating situation. Miles and Snow (1984) identified four modes of strategic orientation: Defenders, Prospectors, Analysers and Reactors. These strategies can help explain why companies facing similar environmental threats or opportunities behave differently and why they continue to do so over a long period of time. In turn the different competitive or business strategies influence the down stream functional strategies. Functional level strategy pertains to the major functional operations within the business unit, including research and development, marketing, manufacturing, finance, and human resource productivity and addresses the question how do we support the business level competitive strategy? The three levels of strategy corporate, business and functional form a hierarchy of strategy within in a large multidivisional corporation. Different levels of strategy of Sony Sony Corporation was founded by Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita in 1946, now having head quarters at Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Sony is one of the biggest electronics in the world with revenue 7.7 trillion yen. Sony are making products like Consumer professional electronic equipments, Communication information-related equipments, Semiconductor, Electronic devices and components, Battery, Chemicals, Sony Pictures Entertainment, Sony Music, PlayStation and Blu-Ray devices. Sony Corporation as a giant organization has divided its organization into five main business units as Sony Pictures, Sony Computer, Sony Music Sony Ericsson, and Sony Financial. Sony Corporation has its own corporate strategy, and the each of its five business units having their own business strategy. Corporate Strategy Business level strategy Functional level strategy In Sony Group Corporate Strategy Update FY2008 FY2010 Sony has set out some goals and revealed about its corporate strategy. In particular, the company will focus on strengthening core businesses, enhancing network initiatives and leveraging international growth opportunities to build for the future and drive further growth and profits. Main considerations in the strategy of Sony are, Further strengthening the core business Network initiatives Capitalize on Growth in BRIC Countries and Other Emerging Markets Environmental Initiatives Financial Strategies for the Mid-Term A good strategy always leads an organization towards success and improvement, in the other way a bad or inefficient strategy always takes that organization into losses and bad reputation. As we know that Japanese are good at management and most of other countries are try to implement Japanese management techniques. The term is a Japanese word adopted into English referring to a philosophy or practices focusing on continuous improvement in manufacturing activities, business activities in general, and even life in general, depending on interpretation and usage. Sony Corporation was good at strategic plans by applying these management strategies. As we discussed earlier a bad or inefficient strategy leads the organization into bad reputation, in the case of Sony they are failed to implement an efficient strategy which Sonys net profit for the July-September quarter for 2006 falling 94% to 1.7 billion Yen, compared to 28.5 billion Yen for the same period last year. From there they are tr ying to implement better strategies and to regain their reputation and brand value and to regain their number one position in electronics industry. Portfolio approach to strategy Portfolio approach was one of the early approaches to chart strategy and allocate resources in multi-business organizations. As corporate strategists jumped on the diversification bandwagon they soon found a challenge in managing the resource needs diverse businesses and their strategic missions, particularly in times of limited resources. Responding to that challenge the Boston Consulting Group pioneered an approach called portfolio techniques that attempted to help managers balance the flow of cash resources among their various businesses while also identifying their basic strategic purpose within the overall portfolio. The top managers at larger farms need a method for spotting product lines that deserve more investment as well as lines that arent living up to expectations. So they conduct a portfolio analysis, in which they evaluate they evaluate their companys products and divisions to determine which are strongest and which are weakest. Much as securities analysts review their portfolios of stocks and bonds, deciding which to retain and which to discard. Strategic business unit (SBU) Strategic business units are the key business units within diversified firms. Each SBU has its own managers, resources, objectives, and competitors. A division, product line or a single product may define the boundaries of an SBU. Each SBU pursues its own distinct mission and often develops its own plans independently of other units in the organization. BCG matrix To evaluate each of their organizations SBUs, marketers need some type of portfolio performance framework. A widely used framework was developed by Boston Consulting Group. This market share/ market growth matrix places SBUs in a four quadrant chart that plots market share against market growth potential. The position of an SBU along the horizontal axis indicates its market share relative to those of competitors in the industry. Its position along the vertical axis indicates the annual growth rate of the market. After plotting all of a firms business units, planners divide them according to the matrixs four quadrants as shown in the figure. Stars represent High market share and High growth rate. These products or SBUs are high growth market leaders. Although they generate considerable income, they need inflows of even more cash to finance further growth. Cash cows command High market share in Low growth markets. Marketers for such an SBU want to maintain this status for as long as possible. The business produces string cash flows, but instead of investing heavily in the units own promotions and production capacity, the firm can use this cash to finance the growth of other SBUs with higher growth potentials. Question marks achieve Low market share in higher growth markets. Marketers must decide weather to continue supporting these products or SBUs, because question marks typically require considerably more cash than they generate. If a question mark cannot become a star, the firm should pull out of the market and target other markets with greater potential. Dogs manage only Low market share in Low growth markets. SBUs in this category promise poor future prospects, and marketers should withdraw from these businesses or SBUs as quickly as possible. In some cases these products can be sold to other firms where they are better fit. Drawbacks of BCG matrix Ignore the dynamism of markets. Omit the true value of competitor activity. Competitor reaction is not embraced in the model and the related concept of market share does not substitute for the strategic dimension known as sustainable advantage. Refer only to one dimension of market attractiveness (market growth) and omits other valuable dimensions such as nature of competitors, potential size, company capability and barriers to market entry. Exclude the interrelationships between SBUs which are so important in building strategy. Be essentially deterministic in nature, in that service position within one of quadrants demands a strategic direction which is well rehearsed from previous experiences. BCG fails to recognise that strategic direction also relies on marketing acumen and creativity which might suggest a risk strategy in given circumstances rather than the predictable route. GE matrix To overcome the drawbacks listed for the BCG matrix a portfolio approach evolved which is GE matrix. GE matrix is similar to BCG matrix but in GE matrix it is having nine cells for more accurate analysis and also it take Industry attractiveness and Business strength as the parameters. Industry attractiveness is determined by parameters Market size Industry rivalry Demand variability Market growth rate Industry profitability Global opportunities Macro environmental factors Business strength is determined by Market share Distribution channel access Profit margins relative to competitors Brand equity Growth in market share Production capacity Conclusion Here in this report we discussed about different levels of strategy and how the flow of hierarchy works in organizations. We also discussed about Sony Corporations corporate strategy and the other levels of strategy and how Sony implementing its strategy. Portfolio approach to strategy development is widely used approach while developing a strategy, BCG matrix is one of the most popular portfolio approaches to strategic development. Here we also discussed about pits and falls of BCG matrix and we also discussed about GE matrix and how it overcome the drawbacks of BCG matrix. References Burgelman RA, Christensen CM Wheelwright SC, 2004, Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 4th edn, McGraw-Hill, Boston, Human Resource Management: Theory and PracticeBy John Bratton, Jeffrey Gold Strategic Management: Creating Competitive AdvantagesBy Gregory G. Dess, Marilyn L. Taylor Formulation, implementation, and control of competitive strategyBy John A. Pearce, Richard Braden Robinson http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/matrix/ge-mckinsey/ Tourism marketing: a collaborative approachBy Alan Fyall, Brian Garrod Contemporary MarketingBy David L. Kurtz Strategic management: a fresh approach to developing skills, knowledge and creativity By Paul Joyce, Adrian Woods

Biography of Martin Luther King Jr. :: Martin Luther King Civil Rights Movement Essays

Biography of Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr., (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born Michael Luther King, Jr., but later had his name changed to Martin. His grandfather began the family's long tenure as pastors of the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, serving from 1914 to 1931; his father has served from then until the present, and from 1960 until his death Martin Luther acted as co-pastor. Martin Luther attended segregated public schools in Georgia, graduating from high school at the age of fifteen; he received the B. A. degree in 1948 from Morehouse College, a distinguished Negro institution of Atlanta from which both his father and grandfather had been graduated. After three years of theological study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania where he was elected president of a predominantly white senior class, he was awarded the B.D. in 1951. With a fellowship won at Crozer, he enrolled in graduate studies at Boston University, completing his residence for the doctorate in 1953 and receivin g the degree in 1955 In Boston he met and married Coretta Scott, a young woman of uncommon intellectual and artistic attainments. Two sons and two daughters were born into the family. In 1954, Martin Luther King accepted the pastorale of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Always a strong worker for civil rights for members of his race, King was, by this time, a member of the executive committee of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the leading organization of its kind in the nation. He was ready, then, early in December, 1955, to accept the leadership of the first great Negro nonviolent demonstration of contemporary times in the United States, the bus boycott described by Gunnar Jahn in his presentation speech in honor of the laureate. The boycott lasted 382 days. On December 21, 1956, after the Supreme Court of the United States had declared unconstitutional the laws requiring segregation on buses, Negroes and whites rode the buses as equals. During these days of boycott, King was arrested, his home was bombed, he was subjected to personal abuse, but at the same time he emerged as a Negro leader of the first rank . In 1957 he was elected president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization formed to provide new leadership for the now burgeoning civil rights movement. The ideals for this organization he took from Christianity; its operational techniques from Gandhi.

Saddam Hussein :: essays research papers

Saddam Hussein Saddam Hussein, an Iraqi political leader, was born to a poor Arab family on April 28, 1937. Hussein studied law in Egypt after his attempt to assassinate the premier of Iraq, Abdul Karim Kassem, in 1959. In the summer of 1968, the Baath party returned to power and named Hussein as deputy chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council. Hussein has been described by many as the most powerful person in Iraq because of his intimidation of enemies, careful control of his political power, and his military purges. Saddam finally gained control of the Iraq presidency in 1979. His many goals as President included attempting to increase industrial production, reorganizing government policies in agriculture, and improving education and the status of women. Hussein first began a successful development program of Iraq’s huge petroleum resources. However, this development and economic and social advances were at risk when Iraq went to war with Iran from 1980 to 1988. Hussein started this war to control Arab-inhabited areas and especially for oil resources. Hussein is also known as a ruthless leader who used chemical weapons on Kurdish people seeking freedom in the 1980’s. In August, 1990, Hussein invaded and annexed Kuwait for violating oil production laws set by the Organization of Petroleum Exports Countries(OPEC). (Kuwait had lowered the price of oil.) The Iraqi forces killed many Kuwaiti people and stole or destroyed much property. Hussein apparently wanted to use Kuwait’s vast oil resources to help Iraq’s economy. Many people believed that Iraq would next invade neighboring countries such as Saudi Arabia. Some of the countries that opposed Iraq’s invasion and that sent forces to this region were the United States, Canada, and several Arab and Western European nations. These countries formed an allied military coalition that caused a worldwide embargo against Iraq. The United Nations Security Council condemned Iraqâ€℠¢s occupation and approved the use of military force on Iraq if their troops did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Hussein ignored this demand and refused to withdraw. The consequence of this decision was to go to war. On January 16, 1991, the allies bombed military targets in Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq, in return, launched missiles against Saudi Arabia and Israel. The U.S.-led military coalition drove Iraq’s armies out of Kuwait. This war, called the Persian Gulf War, lasted only six weeks. On April 11, 1991, the U.N.

Trouble with Women in Hills Like White Elephants :: Hills Like White Elephants Essays

Trouble with Women in Hills Like White Elephants The short story, "Hills Like White Elephants," by Ernest Hemingway, has a lot to do with how the author lived. The time period the story mostly relates to is when he was married to Hadley and having an affair with Pauline. The story shows problems within a relationship and a lack of communication between a couple. While Hemingway was writing this story, he wrote a letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald about Pauline. He wrote about sitting in the shade and talking with her while waiting at a station. In the story, "The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building" (Hemingway 731). The girl comments on the hills in the background, how they like white elephants. Her boyfriend just ignores her and every time she talks about the hills, he changes the subject. According to James Mellow, "Another oddity is that in the earliest manuscript fragment relating to the story, written in 1925, is that Hemingway who remarks to Hadley, ‘look at those god-damn white mountains,’ and she answers, ‘They are the most mysterious things I have ever seen’" (348). This shows how Hemingway came up with the idea of the white elephants. Another part of the story that relates to his life is the setting. While Hemingway was in Spain, the setting of the story, he found out that Hadley was pregnant for the second time. The story might have shown his true feelings about the pregnancy. In the story, the boyfriend is moody and wants the girl to do what he wants. This could be the same way Hemingway felt towards Hadley towards the end of their marriage. Also, on the manuscript of the story, he wrote a note about Pauline. This shows that he cared about her while writing the story. Another relationship between the two is the way Hemingway dealt with women. He was married four times, and one can assume that he had his share of trouble in finding the right woman. The man in the story has trouble communicating with his girlfriend, which creates a problem in their relationship. Basically, he wants her to do what he wants and won’t have it any other way. As Mellow puts it, "It is a classic, understated Hemingway story of failure of communication between the sexes" (348). Trouble with Women in Hills Like White Elephants :: Hills Like White Elephants Essays Trouble with Women in Hills Like White Elephants The short story, "Hills Like White Elephants," by Ernest Hemingway, has a lot to do with how the author lived. The time period the story mostly relates to is when he was married to Hadley and having an affair with Pauline. The story shows problems within a relationship and a lack of communication between a couple. While Hemingway was writing this story, he wrote a letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald about Pauline. He wrote about sitting in the shade and talking with her while waiting at a station. In the story, "The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building" (Hemingway 731). The girl comments on the hills in the background, how they like white elephants. Her boyfriend just ignores her and every time she talks about the hills, he changes the subject. According to James Mellow, "Another oddity is that in the earliest manuscript fragment relating to the story, written in 1925, is that Hemingway who remarks to Hadley, ‘look at those god-damn white mountains,’ and she answers, ‘They are the most mysterious things I have ever seen’" (348). This shows how Hemingway came up with the idea of the white elephants. Another part of the story that relates to his life is the setting. While Hemingway was in Spain, the setting of the story, he found out that Hadley was pregnant for the second time. The story might have shown his true feelings about the pregnancy. In the story, the boyfriend is moody and wants the girl to do what he wants. This could be the same way Hemingway felt towards Hadley towards the end of their marriage. Also, on the manuscript of the story, he wrote a note about Pauline. This shows that he cared about her while writing the story. Another relationship between the two is the way Hemingway dealt with women. He was married four times, and one can assume that he had his share of trouble in finding the right woman. The man in the story has trouble communicating with his girlfriend, which creates a problem in their relationship. Basically, he wants her to do what he wants and won’t have it any other way. As Mellow puts it, "It is a classic, understated Hemingway story of failure of communication between the sexes" (348).

Algurashi Company

Designing and Planning are two factors that exist before a project comes into operation. Since the two processes are subject to the object we design or plan, it is clear that the specific guidelines may vary in reality. For example, people who intend to build a bridge might have different tools and requirement then ones who intend to build a theatre. Hence, in construction management, the requirement for tendering a project is different from others. There are many particular products in construction management such as roads, offices, apartments, hotels, factories, and houses.Meanwhile, the activities in the industry involve building a completely new structure or merely modifications of existing ones. Concerning the construction business, this paper will discuss about the application of a concept to the start-up of a construction and/or real estate development company. This paper acts as a preliminary proposal for starting new construction company, named Algurashi Company. 2. Segment( s) of construction industry The development of economy has increased the demands for many kinds of buildings to fulfill retail and corporate customers.However, in general, there are three major segments in construction business; they are general contractors or building contractors that build various kinds of building such as industrial, residential/homes, and commercial buildings (U. S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005). Second type of contractors is civil engineering contractors. They duty involves the development and build of bridges, roads, sewers, and highways, to name a few. The Third type is special trade contractors.This contractor conducts activities that occurs during the construction activities such as electrical set up and installation, plumbing, painting etcetera (U. S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2005). Concerning type of contractors, Algurashi Company is a construction company that acts as a general contractor especially servin g the residential/homes buildings. The reason of this choice is because the number of residential building grows at faster rate than commercial buildings and customers may change or perform home renovation several times to fulfill their needs. 3. Phases of the development processThe most interesting part in conducting residential construction industry is the products are heavily customized and thus it will give Algurashi Company many experience of dealing with different kind of customers and home designs. Therefore, Algurashi Company will be a general contractor that both design and build residential buildings. However, in the first step, Algurashi Company will focus on building residential building and works with several home designers (architects). At the next stage, the company may obtain some qualified architects to join the company to provide or more complete services to customers.Since greater revenue comes from providing services to customers/home owners, at later stage, when Algurashi Company has developed housing that composes of teens or hundreds houses or apartments, the company may become the property management as well that provides the company with monthly revenue. However, during the development process, Algurashi Company must carefully take their steps in developing their business especially concerning the financing scheme to fund the company’s operation. Another challenging step for start-ups is to gather a sum of money to fund their operational cost as well as the capital expenditure.If entrepreneurs develop start-ups with valuable experience in conducting business in other firm, it is just the matter of creating a good business proposal to attract investors. There are various source of funding available for start-ups such as personal saving, family members, banks’ loan, and venture capitalists. Personal saving is the least risky way since it does not provide any interest. While venture capitalist is a professional investors who may be in charge of a large pool of capital gathered from a range of sources (Isidro, 2004). 4. Type of company formationSince construction business requires a huge amount of money, Algurashi Company would be better to set up joint ventures with other company. By definition, joint venture is a contractual agreement between two or more companies to form a new company aims at executing a particular business undertaking. In this business model, all signed parties commit to share in the profits and losses of the company (WebFinance, 2005). There are at least three benefits of forming a joint venture as a way to expanding business and grab new opportunities as following:? Providing the new company (joint venture) with opportunity to grab new capacity and expertise ? Allowing the new company to explore business opportunities in new geographic market or obtain new technological knowledge ? Offering the new company with creative ways of doing business out of core competence (Kotelnikov, 20 01) 5. Organization chart/duties Following figure is the organization structure for the Algurashi Company. This proposed organization takes into account strengths and benefits of possible joint venture in the future in order to perform well in the new company. Reference:Isidro, Isabel M. (2003). How to Raise Money to Start a Business. PowerHomeBiz. com. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from http://www. powerhomebiz. com/vol8/HowtoRaise. htm Kotelnikov, Vadim. (2001). Joint Ventures (JVs). Retrieved September 28, 2007 from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/jv_main. html U. S. Department of Labor: Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2005). Construction. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from http://www. bls. gov/oco/cg/cgs003. htm WebFinance. (2005). Joint Venture. Retrieved September 28, 2007 from http://www. investorwords. com/2671/joint_venture. html

Entity Relationship Diagram Analysis

In this project I have to roll up roughly entity, so an entity attributes and at last ERD.I ideate I lead take more(prenominal) than roughly entity, attributes, Entity blood plot to cast off this job.DescriptionEntityAn Entity is an object or substantial thing such as a tabular troops or kind. An Entity contains well-nigh education nearly himself. In the entity close to(a) developments screw be stored.PropertiesProperties means the info or inside knowledges of an Entity. Attribute whitethorn incorporate assorted sorts of value resembling numeral, Characters, Integer and so on Simply attributes ar the deceaseingss of entity.Entity family relativeship plot ( ERD )An entity- coincidenceship plot is a in shapeation mold plat and technique. ERD move direct a graphical theatrical of the everyiances between entities, the entities, and at heart an breeding agreement. there be ternion symbol affinitys in the Entity blood Diagram ( ERD ) iodine t o OneOne to more galore(postnominal) to ManyThe antique constituents of Entity family relationship Diagram ( ERD )EntityPropertiesrelationshipCardinalityEntities division sufficient subject field provide program talent assimilator every last(predicate)owanceExaminationConsequenceCoursework attendingAdvancementEntities with Properties divisionDepartment_ID ( PK )Department_NameDepartment_DetailsDepartment_LeaderDisciplineSubject_Area_ID ( PK )Subject_Area_LeaderSubject_Area_NameSubject_Area_DetailsDepartment_ID ( FK )EmployeeEmployee_ID ( PK )Employee_LeaderEmployee_TypeEmployee_NameEmployee_JoiningDateEmployee_AddressDepartment_ID ( FK )PlanProgram_ID ( PK )Program_LeaderProgram_NameProgram_TypeProgram_DetailsSubject_Area_ID ( FK )RegistrationRegistration_ID ( PK )Registration_DateRegistration_TypeRegistration_costFacultyModule_ID ( PK )Module_NameModule_LeaderModule_DetailsModule_Type schoolchild_ID ( FK )Program_ID ( FK )StudentStudent_ID ( PK )Student_NameStudent_TypeStuden t_DetailsStudent_AddressModule_ID ( FK )Registration_ID ( FK )ExaminationExam_ID ( PK )Exam_DetailsExam_NameExam_DateExam_TimeStudent_ID ( FK )ConsequenceResult_ID ( PK )Result_NameResult_TypeResult_DetailsResult_DateResult_timeExam_ID ( FK )CourseworkCoursework_ID ( PK )Coursework_NameCoursework_TypeCoursework_DetailsStudent_ID ( FK )AttendanceAttendance_ID ( PK )Attendance_NameAttendance_TypeAttendance_DetailsStudent_ID ( FK )AdvancementProgress_ID ( PK )Progress_TypeProgress_DetailsEntity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Relationship sum-upIn my ERD plot nearly relation exposition atomic number 18 attached in the belowIn the Entity Relationship Diagram I realise reveal the relation between segmentation and undecided untaught is i to some, because unitary sectionalization may exert many capable countries.In the scenario I can see ane capable country may hold more intends.In the ERD draw the kind between envision and skill is single to many. Many faculties ar under of a project. Module is utilise a immaterial key of patterns.In the ERD diagram the family affinity between savants and faculties argon nonp beil to many, because unrivaled learner may hold more than one cogency. In the relationship savant primary winding key is employ as a foreign key in the cogency entity.In the ERD diagram the relationship between scholarly person and test is one to many. One pupil may defer part more tests.In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupil and coursework is one to many. One pupil may take a crap part in the more coursework.In the ERD diagram the relationship between readjustment and pupil is one to many. The enrollment may be registers for more pupils at equivalent clip.In the ERD diagram safefully I see the one to many dealingss. For this back institute knowledge I entangle one to many relationships in the ERD diagram. In the existent animateness for database one to many relationship is thoroughgoing(a) to me.Drum headIn this initiate I contrive an entity relationship diagram. To reap the diagram I find out some entities and properties of entities. To sustain this lying-in I besides learn around entities, properties and entity relationship diagram.Task-02IntroductionIt is said to traffic patternise in the labour 2. For doing a database successfully calibration must be needed. The activities of a database seem on normalization. Standardization helps to do a database rebelliously. In the set about I leave look for to normalise for a section carcass in the transcription. The normalisation occurs in some stairss. In the undermentioned stairss atomic number 18 introducen.DescriptionStandardizationIn the organisation all activities now number on the computing forge dust. some(prenominal) corporate organisation need database ashes for commanding all information. As a mo database is most popular and subjective things in the universe. For doing a database successfully stan dardisation is the traditional stylus. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the procedure is apply to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intent of standardization is divided into two parts. Removing unneeded informations and guaranting informations dependences. If equal informations stay in some tabular array together the database may victim. practically it may data in the unrelated tabular array. To work out these jobs we can be done standardization. The intents of standardization be praiseworthy to diminish the sum of interminable a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. The overt presentation of database watchfulness constitution depends on the standardization. near stairss ar inherent for standardization. The stairss are given up briefly in the followers meeting place informationsGathering informations is the first c adency of standardization. When I normalize I forget roll up all information in the contour. I ordain hold all informations of this rate in the followers measure.Choosing a keyFor making standardization a key is indispensable. The key is the important informations for standardization. tout ensemble informations depend on the key. The key must be one from garnering informations.First convening grad ( 1NF ) whatever functions have to follow in the stairss. restate informations in the standardization, sometime it may bruising for standardization, so it necessary to take reiterating informations in the standardization. Removing reiterating informations is the chief work in this travail.Second prevalent family ( 2NF )Second normal signifier ( 2NF ) is used to different and take same informations in the database. The phase besides provides farther information for taking same informations in the database. The chief activities of the phaseThe all informations of first normal signifier must be delineated in the phase.Same information in the rows of database tabular array are distant in the phase.The relationship of unfermentedborn tabular array is do in the phase.Third frequent contrive ( 3NF )In the 3rd normal signifier some activities are occurred. The undermentioned activities are given in the below in all demands of the 2nd normal signifier are present in the phase.The activities of the phase is take some columns that are non dependent upon the primary key. The taking informations and information are non depended on the primary key of tabular array. For this ground these columns informations and information are removed.OptimizationOptimization is the last measure of standardization. I will blend in fore the self-colored standardization by bring forrading a standardization diagram. The standardization diagram is symbol of a go against database. If standardization tabular array is pull ahead, informations base become clear.Gathering Data sDepartment_IDDepartment_NameDepartment_DetailsDepartment_Leader loose Area_ID heart-to-heart Area_LeaderCapable Area_NameCapable Area_Detailsemployee_IDemployee_Leaderemployee _Typeemploye _Nameemployee_JoiningDateStaff_AddressProgramme_IDProgramme_LeaderProgramme_NameProgramme_TypeProgramme_DetailsStudent_IDRegistration_IDRegistration_DateRegistration_TypeModule_IDModule_NameModule_LeaderModule_DescriptionModule-TypeStudent_IDStudent_NameStudent_TypeStudent_DescriptionStudent_AddressModule_IDRegistration_IDExam_IDExam_DescriptionExam_NameExam_DateExam_TimeResult_IDResult_NameResult_TypeResult_DescriptionResult_DateResult_timeCoursework_ IDCoursework_NameCoursework_TypeCoursework_DetailsAttendance_IDAttendance_NameAttendance_TypeAttendance_DetailsProgress_IDProgress_TypeProgress_DetailsChoosing a keyStudent_idConverting to 1st regulation Form ( transpose to reiterating informations )Student ( retell ) Department_idDepartment_ figStudent_idStudent_ learnStudent_e turn onStudent_ rememberStudent_addressStudy_modeEmployee_idEmployee_ figureEmployee_phoneEmployee_emailEmployee_addresses internal activityProgram_idProgram_ divulgeProgram_timeCredit_idTotal_course_marksTotal_module_marksTotal_creditConsequenceModule_idModule_ divulgeModule_leaderModule_yearCapable Area ( Non Repeating ) Subjectarea_idSubjectarea_nameSubjectarea_LeaderConverting to 2nd Normal Form ( Remove parcel cardinal dependance )StudentStudent_id ( pk )Student nameStudent electronic mailStudentphoneStudent referenceStudy moodProgram Idaho ( fk )Programe namePlan leaderRecognitionRecognition Idaho ( pk )Student Idaho ( fk )Entire coursework material bodyExam gradeModule gradeEntire apprehensionConsequenceFacultyModule Idaho ( pkModule leaderFaculty namePrograme Idaho ( fk )Programe nameEmployeeEmployee Idaho ( pk )Employee nameEmployee electronic mailEmployee phoneEmployee referenceSexual activityDepatment Idaho ( fk )Department nameDepartmentDepartment Idaho ( pk )Department namePlanProgr am Idaho ( pk )Capable country Idaho ( fk )Capable country namePrograme namePlan leaderCapable countryCapable country Idaho ( pk )Capable country nameDepartment Idaho ( fk )Department nameCapable country leaderConverting to 3rd Normal Form ( Remove not cardinal dependence ) DepartmentDepartment_id ( PK )Department_nameCapable AreaSubjectarea_id ( PK )Subjectarea_nameDepartment_id ( FK )Subjectarea_Leader ( FK )EmployeeEmployee_id ( PK )Employee_nameEmployee_phoneEmployee_emailEmployee_addressesSexual activityDepartment_id ( FK )Student_moduleStudent_id ( PK )Module_id ( PK )PlanProgram_id ( PK )Subjetarea_id ( FK )Program_leader ( FK )Program_nameProgram_timeFacultyModule_id ( PK )Module_nameModule_leader ( FK )Module_yearProgram_id ( FK )StudentStudent_id ( PK )Student_nameStudent_emailStudent_phoneStudent_addressStudy_modeProgram_id ( FK )RecognitionCredit_id ( PK )Student_id ( FK )Module_id ( FK )Total_course_marksTotal_module_marksTotal_creditConsequenceOptimizationSummaryIn the undertaking I normalized for a section. I normalize for property database explosive charge schema. To make this undertaking I analyzed about standardization. I think I normalized good. light up standardization helps to do a better database direction system. I well-educated more about standardization to make this undertaking. labor movement 3IntroductionThe undertaking 3 contains some subjects. Database care brass ( DBMS ) is component of the undertaking. I will make a database by utilizing Database Management dust ( DBMS ) . thither are some ways to do database. exclusively I will make database in the SQL waiter, because it is easy and flexible to me. To do database I will do some tabular array, each tabular array will incorporate minimal 5 records.DescriptionSome stairss I followed to make this undertaking. The stairss and demands are given in the belowDatabase Management clay ( DBMS ) To pull off a database some strong functions are followed. Database direction system i s a sort of environs where all sorts functions and ordinance are included. A database direction system ( DBMS ) purpo located life as a database director. Database Management System ( DBMS ) is computing machine jut out or package. The package helps former(a)s computing machine drug users create and price of admission informations in a database. Anyone can entree the information, where information is fit(p) it is non fact, It get laids user petitions so that users and other plans are free from holding to understand informations in a multi-user system, on storage media and, who else may besides be accessing the information. Database direction system checks the unity of the database. The DBMS besides manage the hallmark procedure, merely authorized user and authorised web can entree the database. DBMS helps to do a unspoilt database. Database direction system s surroundings helps to do a good relationship in the database.The activities for this undertaking are pursuitMY d atabaseGenerated Script from Generate SQL Server Scripts friend go rectify ANSI_NULLS ON fail note QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON travelingIF not EXISTS ( mete out * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . section ) AND eccentric person in ( NU ) ) annoy trim back give rise display panel dbo . section ( department_id nchar ( 10 ) not NULL, department_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, shyness PK_department uncomplicated identify CLUSTERED( department_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_ rouge = take away ) ON ancient ) ON direct curiosity set off discipline ANSI_NULLS ON live driven QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON get goingIF non EXISTS ( divide * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . employee ) AND type in ( NU ) ) scotch down puddle delay dbo . employee ( employee_id nchar ( 10 ) not NULL, employee_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, employee_email nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, employee_phon int NULL, employee_address nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, department_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, sex activity nvarchar ( 1 ) NULL, coldness PK_employee original break CLUSTERED( employee_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = mangle ) ON unproblematic ) ON main(a) End go away isthmus ANSI_NULLS ON breakSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON operateIF NOT EXISTS ( assume * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE tabularise dbo . subjectarea ( subjectarea_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, department_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_leader nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, backwardness PK_subjectarea primeval KEY CLUSTERED( subjectarea_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = send off ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY End run lowSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( make out * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE disconcert dbo . plan ( program_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, program_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, program_leader nchar ( 10 ) NULL, program_time nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, unobtrusiveness PK_program PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( program_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( subscribe to * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . readiness ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE card dbo . faculty ( module_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, program_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, module_leader nchar ( 10 ) NULL, module_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, twelvemonth nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_module PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( module_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( use up * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . pupil ) AND type in ( N U ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . pupil ( student_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, student_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, student_email nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, student_phon int NULL, student_address nvarchar ( hundred ) NULL, program_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, StudyMode nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_student PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( student_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( appoint * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . student_module ( student_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, module_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_student_module PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( student_id ASC, module_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( take aim * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJEC T_ID ( N dbo . recognition ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . recognition ( credit_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, student_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, module_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, total_coursework_marks int NULL, exam_marks int NULL, total_module_marks int NULL, total_credits int NULL, present moment nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_credit PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( credit_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_employee_department ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . employee ) ) substitute TABLE dbo . employee WITH add together tot up CONSTRAINT FK_employee_department immaterial KEY ( department_id )REFERENCES dbo . section ( department_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_subjectarea_department ) AND parent_object_id = OBJE CT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) ) switch TABLE dbo . subjectarea WITH CHECK lend CONSTRAINT FK_subjectarea_department unconnected KEY ( department_id )REFERENCES dbo . section ( department_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_subjectarea_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) ) veer TABLE dbo . subjectarea WITH CHECK append CONSTRAINT FK_subjectarea_employee inappropriate KEY ( subjectarea_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_program_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) ) motley TABLE dbo . plan WITH CHECK loan CONSTRAINT FK_program_employee FOREIGN KEY ( program_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_program_subjectarea ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . plan WITH CHECK tote up CONSTRAINT FK_program_subjectarea FOREIGN KEY ( subjectarea_id )REFERENCES dbo . subjectarea ( subjectarea_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_module_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . faculty ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . faculty WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_module_employee FOREIGN KEY ( module_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_module_program ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . faculty ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . faculty WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_module_program FOREIGN KEY ( program_id )REFERENCES dbo . plan ( program_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT _ID ( N dbo . FK_student_program ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . pupil ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . pupil WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_program FOREIGN KEY ( program_id )REFERENCES dbo . plan ( program_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_student_module_module ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . student_module WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_module_module FOREIGN KEY ( module_id )REFERENCES dbo . faculty ( module_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_student_module_student ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . student_module WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_module_student FOREIGN KEY ( student_id )REFERENCES dbo . pupil ( student_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign _keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_credit_module ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . recognition ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . recognition WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_credit_module FOREIGN KEY ( module_id )REFERENCES dbo . faculty ( module_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_credit_student ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . recognition ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . recognition WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_credit_student FOREIGN KEY ( student_id )REFERENCES dbo . pupil ( student_id )SummaryI used SQL waiter for doing database. I draw the diagram by utilizing normalized diagram. Some tabular arraies I created to bring forrard the diagram of database. I included all defer mean five records. To make the undertaking absolutely I show all tabular arraies screen shot with records.Undertaking 4IntroductionThe chief activities are said in the undertaking. In the u ndertaking I will quire of my database. straight off in the undertaking I will seek to implement. I will range the operation of database. I will quire of the database harmonizing the medical prognosis of the undertaking. I will follow the activities harmonizing the undertaking.DescriptionIn the undertaking I have to make questions for find out some demands these are said to make in the undertaking. In the undermentioned these activities are given in the below1.Name callings of all the Subject Area Leaders ( SALs )QuerieSELECT dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_nameFROM dbo.employee inside(a) spliffdbo.subjectarea ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_leaderEnd point of intersectionPLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable countryQuerieSELECT dbo.program.program_leader, dbo.employee.employee_id, dbo.program.program_nameFROM dbo.employee inside join forcesdbo.program ON dbo.employee.employee_id = d bo.program.program_leaderEnd convergenceMLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable countrySELECT dbo.module.module_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.module.module_nameFROM dbo.employee internal nitty-grittydbo.module ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.module.module_leader2. Expose the undermentioned information for the Artificial Intelligence capable countrya ) The tendency of plans that belong to that capable country QuerieSELECT program_nameFROM dbo.programWHERE ( subjectarea_id = sa-03 )End productB ) The list of faculties that belong to these plans QuerieSELECT dbo.program.program_id, dbo.module.module_nameFROM dbo.program home(a) yokedbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = sa-03 )degree Celsius ) The list of pupils who have awarded a Pass for one of the facultiesQuerieSELECT evident C.student_id, student.student_name, C.module_id, module.module_name, C.resultFROM recognition AS C INNER JOINfaculty ON C.m odule_id = module.module_id INNER JOINpupil ON C.student_id = student.student_id INNER JOINplan ON module.program_id = program.program_id AND student.program_id = program.program_id INNER JOINsubjectarea ON program.subjectarea_id = subjectarea.subjectarea_idWHERE ( C.result = pass ) AND ( subjectarea.subjectarea_id = sa-03 )End product3. Expose the name of all the pupils who belong to one plan you can take which plan of the Database capable country, along with the undermentioned informationa ) Their twelvemonth of survey QuerieSELECT DISTINCT dbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.program.program_id, dbo.program.program_name, dbo.module.yearFROM dbo.student INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOINdbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subj ectarea_id = sa-01 )End productB ) The faculties they write up QuerieSELECT DISTINCTdbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.module.module_name, dbo.student_module.module_id, dbo.student.program_id,dbo.program.program_nameFROM dbo.student INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOINdbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = sa-01 )End productdegree Celsiuss ) Their test and coursework Markss for these facultiesQuerieSELECT dbo.credit.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.credit.module_id, dbo.module.module_name, dbo.credit.total_coursework_marks, dbo.credit.exam_marks, dbo.student.program_idFROM dbo.credit INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.credit.module_id = dbo.module.module_id INNER JOINdbo.student ON dbo.credit.student_id = dbo.studen t.student_id INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.module.program_id = dbo.program.program_id AND dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_idwhere program.subjectarea_id=sa-01 End productSummarySome quires are done in the undertaking harmonizing the functions of grant. I finished the undertaking rightfully carefully. As a proven I show some screen jibe of quires. I besides show SQL quires in the assignment.Undertaking 5IntroductionThere are five undertakings in the assignment. Each undertaking is made for a specific and different subject. Such a undertaking is task 5. In the undertaking 5 I will seek to stand for a bailiwick for self-colored assignment. The contemplate will incorporate the translation of my system design for a section of an organisation. In this study I will besides include the inside informations information about undertaking one to five.DescriptionIn the phase I will seek to give a solution for this study.TitleReport no- Database Design and knowledgeRecipient- Mrs Jesmin AktarAuthor- Shanta MariaIntroduction of my premiseThe rubric of the assignment is College Database Development. The college necessitate a calculatorized system for guardianship the activities of a section. To charge the section activities the college needs an nonesuch database direction system. To complete these activities of this assignment I mentioned each subject for the assignment in the separately. I think I learned more things as pupil, to make this assignment. subsequently completing each undertaking right I will bring forth a study for discover my exercise on my summary, design and thought accomplishment.Overview of whole assignmentThe sum-up of the whole assignment, I compulsion to bring forth a study. The study is given at the belowUndertaking 1EntityAn Entity is a existent thing such as a tabular array or signifier. An Entity contains some information about himself. The information of entity can assist for style of entity.PropertiesAttributes refers the inside informations information of an Entity. There are many types are fixed for property. These set are like numeral, Characters, Integer etc. Properties are the chief belongings of entities.Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )An entity-relationship diagram is a diagram for informations patterning. Entity relationship diagram ensures the relationships between entities, the entities, and within an information system. Entity relationship diagram makes a database good understand.There are three type relationships in the Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )One to OneOne to ManyMany to ManyThe chief constituents of Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )EntityPropertiesRelationshipCardinalityUndertaking 2StandardizationSome corporate organisation need database system for commanding all information. To command information of organisation database must be needed. As a consequence database is most popular and indispensable things in the universe. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the procedure is used to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intents of standardization are worthy to diminish the sum of infinite a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. The public presentation of database direction system depends on the standardization.Some stairss are indispensable for standardization.In the assignment I followed some stairss for standardization. The stairss are given in the belowGathering informationsChoosing a keyFirst Normal Form ( 1NF )Second Normal Form ( 2NF )Third Normal Form ( 3NF )OptimizationUndertaking 3I used SQL waiter to do database in this undertaking. fashioning database was the function of the undertaking. As a consequence I designed a diagram and a database in the undertaking.Undertaking 4The undertaking holds information for SQL quires. Harmonizing the undertaking some quires are made to use in the da tabase. To make SQL quires in the undertaking I learned more things about SQL bid and other dear information of SQL waiter.Footings of mentionThe scope for investigated system is extended. All the inside informations about the system hold given. The incumbent system and the new system image are clear in the scenario. Anyone can see and analyze the scenario.The study focuses on the section of an organisation. The study is bring forthing with a inside informations description and information of the complete system analysis and design portion for the section of an organisation.Procedures and methodsIn my assignment I used some techniques. I have investigated all the offshoot in many ways. In the assignment I followed the operation and practically system of college and others pull offing activities. The chief do and method of the assignment is to settle the current system jobs and besides to present an model database system of the academy theatre for keeping the section procedure. In this assignment I used entity relationship diagram and other demands and processs.RecommendationHarmonizing the users demands and after probe the system, I could transcend out some jobs and some other job in the college development diagram. The keeping system of the college development diagram was really hard to pull off. To work out the jobs I provide the new IT system. I will seek and bring forth the really easy manner to pull off the college development diagram for keeping procedure or systems in the new database system of College Database Development.Requirement computer hardware To set up the procedure some hardware and package are really indispensable. The name or hardware demands are given in the followersPersonal computer ( Include all hardware ) mesh topology ConnectionSQL waiterWindows XP.NET modelFuture program for my databaseIn the assignment I produced a database direction system for a college section. There are many sections of the college. I will include more info rmation about more sections in the database at future. To implement my database I will utilize latest tools. I will seek to happen how manner I can implement the database.AppendixEntity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Optimization diagramDatabaseSummaryThere are five undertakings in the assignment. The assignment contains some subjects of database. As a pupil any one can larn about database direction system from the topic. The undertaking five contains information of an premise. In the undertaking I tried to supply an high-flown premise about the whole assignment.