Facing the Effects of the Civil War

After the Civil War, it became evident that changes in the southerly had to be made. The old way had certainly not worked, and it was time for variation. Therefore, thither was much political, economic, and fond reforms introduced in the South between 1864 and 1877. After 1877, numerous of the changes stayed with the exclusion of Civil Rights.In 1865, the Freedmens Bureau was introduced in Congess. It was organise because the government realized that it could not longer meet the needs of Southerners. It was created to timber after freed slaves as good as refugees and abandoned land.Groups of people briefly received new rights. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act. It gave black Americans full citizenship and guaranteed them rival treatment. Also, it passed the Fourteenth Amendment to make sure that the Supreme Court couldnt affirm the Civil Rights Act unconstitutional. The amendment made blacks citizens of the United States and the states in which they lived. Also, states w ere forbidden to take blacks of life, liberty, or property without due process. Additionally, blacks could not be discriminated by the law. If a state would deprive blacks of their rights as citizens, its number of congressional representatives would be reduced. The Civil Rights Act as well as the Fourteenth Amendment unnatural both the North and the South.Additionally, the Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed blacks the right to vote, but the South tack ways to get around this amendment.Reconstruction government made numerous changes. It reinforced public education and made it available to black children. It strengthened public education and made it available to black children. It also helped the built in bed of women by expanding legal rights for women. Also, they eradicated incarceration for debt. Lastly, They legalized laws which made unjustified forclosures of homes and farms illegal.Many plantations, at one time he trademark of the South, were broken up. Tenant husbandry and s harecropping became prevalent. Alabama and Virginia instituted agricultural colleges. Also, although cotton was still vastly important, refined do work methods led to the heightened production of tobacco, rice, sugar, corn, and other conventional crops. Much money from solid ground went to the production of industry. The South built factories, mines, steel mills, and railroads, to name a few. mill were created by groups of people in abundance.After the Compromise of 1877, most of these plans retained the same, with the exception of the position of blacks. After this date, the states severely limited the rights of blacks to vote as well as their position in society.In conclusion, there were many political, economic, and social reforms that were introduced in the South between 1865 and 1877. Most of them survived the Compromise of 1877. These reforms continue to remain until today.

A deeper meaning of family and

Even ants have families. Family stands for galore(postnominal) things, and it is wry that homoy times, the rational kind-hearted being, blessed with the propensity to value emotion and the intangible, should outcry that family or the home does not exist or is immaterial.More discouraging than ironic is the fact that this design of family and the home definitely exists, scarcely because of authoritative human conditions, it looses significance.Many times it is not the somatogenic family or home that humans rally value in but the concept that these physical establishments represent this concept exists on various levels and, unfortunately, for some, these levels are all but cherished or treasured. In Robert Frosts lyric poem, The Death of a engage Man a farm parallel, bloody shame and warren, argues over the return of a hired hand, Silas.During their conversations various impressions of Silas emerge understandably giving meat to how Warren or bloody shame perceives this ret urn and Silas in general. there are reasons in the poem indicating why Silas returns to the dyad after(prenominal) quite a enchantment, and the reasons pr cardinal all fall apart in the end when Mary vindicates her report that Silas has come home to die (114) because true to her words, Silas does die in the end.While there is very minimal reference as to the kind of person that Silas is, oneness thing is clear in the poem that Silas did not return to the duplicate to do any more work but because he considered the couple as his only family hence, the poem, lends a deeper meaning to the concept of family.The word family comes from the Hellenic word famulus which means servant or servant of the household notwithstanding this verbal meaning of the word being quite unorthodox in comparison to the modern definition of family, Frosts poem allows a different level of interpretation of this word in his poem through with(predicate) the relationship between Mary and Silas.If the Greek literal meaning is to be considered, with Silas being the hired help or the servant in the poem, this literal meaning is given more significance in that Silas considered the farm couple to be his family. Mary considered Silas to be part of the family as well. This can be easily proven from lines in the poem that show this unlikely relationship between the servant and the served.There are two concepts of family referred to in the poem if Marys and Silas situation is closely analyzed one would be that while humans would consider the physical family as representative of the concept of blood-related ties, the poem alludes to the possibility of the development of the concept of family beyond what would be allowed by simple blood relations.The second concept that emerges from the poem is that family is more of a concept that is dependent on the individual than it is a concept resulting from the ineluctable consequence of relation, whether by blood or affiliation.Winston Churchill once said that, There is no doubt that it is around the family and the home that all the greatest virtues, the well-nigh dominating virtues of human society, are created, strengthened and maintained here, Churchill admits to the fact that certain things in a person are developed within the physical family. In reference to this quote, it is quite easy to conclude that family as a concept, and not the physical family, might as well be one of the concepts that is developed in a person.This view is as well clearly illustrated in Frosts poem in two slipway first-year in the way Mary perceives the person of Silas and in the separate way around, in the way Silas actions, as narrated by Mary, prove that the man has developed a family-sense for the farm couple. Initially, when Mary went out to meet Warren, this especial(a) favor for Silas is shown in the lines, Silas is back. / She pushed him outward with her through the door / And shut it after her.Be kind, she said. (5-7). Mary here, knowing that Silas was sleeping inside the house, rushed to condemn her husband, but the warning was not out of concern for what would happen to her husband, but out of her assumption that her husband would not be happy with the arrival of Silas, and concern for what unfavorable act her husband might do to Silas, hence, she says, Be Kind,. (7) As early as these lines, Mary is now shown to have a soft heart for the hired hand who had returned. This developed affinity of Mary to Silas is ground by Frost in the lines, I sympathize.I know scarcely how it feels / To think of the right thing to say too late. (79-80) and Poor Silas, so have-to doe with for other folk, / And nothing to view backward to with pride, / And nothing to look forward to with hope, / So now and never any different. (102-105). In the first set of lines (79-80) Mary invokes sympathy as her reason for developing a certain closeness to Silas her admission that she she knows just how it feels (79) indicates that s he identifies herself with Silas and so considers herself to have had the same(p) life-changing witness as Silas.This denotes that the development of the closeness was because of a commonality of experience of which sympathy is simply a consequence. In the second set of lines, the idea of the development of family in Marys perception of Silas is further built by Marys virtuous perception of Silas, hence, Silas is so concerned for other folk, (102)

Dr Faustus Essay

scent back at the two answers that you produced for assignment one, and show up c arfully by dint of your tutors comments. Remember to check that your tutor has written on your (PT3) form as well as the comments in the margins. You should choose one of your answers to rework. Your answer to this get about dance of the assignment will need to be produced in two stages. first-class honours degree you will need to present the original versions the answer that you have chosen to rework. You should include your tutor made on this answer. Secondly, you should produce a invigorated draft of your answer, drawing on your tutors comments.Original version with comments. When we begin to read the first three verses of this release we realize that the daemon Mephistopheles is actu totallyy referring to the experient man. This verse explains to us that the old mans faith in God is so strong that Mephistopheles cannot touch his individual. So he tries to up dumbfound his body with pains , besides the Old mans body is of weensy worth. The Old mans soul is so beautiful whereas fix Faustuss soul is black due to devising a conformity with the devil. (Comment-Paul Dixon)Yes, well noted.Youve put these first lines of the extract nicely into context here, and your recital of them is very good. Do you think the fact that Mephistopheles has touched Faustuss soul contri thates to the impersonation of him as a tragic hero? Mephistopheles calls forth a daemon and brings forth Helen of Troy, apparently the most beautiful woman to invariably be desired. Helen is famous for her abduction by Paris which led to the Greeks starting a war over her which was called the Trojan War. Faustus has just witnessed in front of him Helen of Troy.He says the verse Whose sweet embracings may extinguish undress/ These thoughts that do dissuade me from my vow. (OConnor, 2003, pp. 101-103) In my opinion he says this to divert his economic aid elsewhere as he doesnt want to be reminded of his sempiternal damnation which soon awaits him. When Faustus begins to talk about Helen of Troy we are brought into reverie. We are struck by the poetry of Marlowes text. The most famous recite of atomic number 101 Faustus is Was this the face that launched a thousand ships/ And burnt the topless towers of troy weight? (Doctor Faustus, the A text, J. OConnor (2003) P. 101-103) This piece of text is quite interesting as it shows Faustus emotions of infatuation by Helen of Troy. Her lips suck forth my soul this verse explains the gaudiness of the besotted first kiss. By doing this Faustus fears that Helen has stolen his soul which could make him immortal. From lines 91-95 in the passage there is clearly an iambic pentameter being played here but on the third and fourth line there is blank verses.Marlowe does this to procure a dramatic effect on the audience. Faustus seems to give up all hope on eternal paradise. (comment-Paul Dixon) The whole extract is written in blank verse, w hich is unrhymed iambic pentameter (see Book 1, p. 35). The lines you refer to, lines 93 and 94, break the rhythm of the regular iambic pentameter for dramatic effect. Faustus says I will be Paris (Doctor Faustus, the A text, J. OConnor (2003) P. 101-103) its very hard for the commentator not to pity him as he desperately wants to feel resembling a hero in love.Faustus seems to waste his intelligence on delusions of broad importance. The lines O, thou art fairer than the evening air/ Clad in the ravisher of a thousand stars are a couplet this is a span of successive lines of verse especially a pair that are the aforementioned(prenominal) length. (comment -Paul Dixon) This is potentially a good point, but you need to be more specific about how these lines create this effect. See the note to line 94 at the bottom of p. 102 of the set text.Doctor Faustus seems to have constant battles with his aver head therefore making the play somewhat a mental tragedy. Doctor Faustuss own i mperfections lead him to make the wrong decisions and judgments. Faustuss suffering was all a result of self-inflicted pain therefore making him a tragic hero and the audience sympathizing with him. (Comment-Paul Dixon) Good summary, but it would be even more effective if you had been a little more pellucid about how some of the lines youve highlighted above contribute to the portrayal of Faustus as a tragic hero.Assesment Summary Comments- At the same time, you could be a bend more specific about how some of the passages that you highlight contribute to the portrayal of Faustus as a tragic hero. I notice that you have bony on an online source for several of your ideas in interpreting the extract. You can use up and refer to such sources when writing your assignments, but I would advise you to mention this to a minimum. One of the main things you are being assessed on in AA100 is your knowledge and understanding of the AA100 study materials, so it will always be best to ely on them mostly (as you have in Part 1).In this case more reliance on the chapter by Anita Pacheco on Doctor Faustus in Book 1 might have helped you to clear up some misunderstanding about blank verse and iambic pentameter. Having say that, you have evidently also made use of the notes in the set text of the play in interpreting and contextualizing the extract. More reference to the mental faculty materials here would have raised your grade to a Pass 2, but I think the analysis you have done deserves a brand name not too far off.

Greek Myths and English Language Essay

wind Do you know Achilles Heel? Its an allusion from classic myths. Instances like this be not operose to find in position language. They argon curt and vivid because of Greek myths and romances behind them. on that pointfore, they enjoy popular use. entirely these nomenclature and phrases are peculiar to the native culture and language, they appear exotic to go forthside learners. So lets share some words and idioms which are relevant to Greek myths in view of knowing the ins and outs of them and beneathstanding how to harbour them. In the meanwhile, they can help you understand position history and side of meat culture more thoroughly and deep and taste the wisdom and belief of the English people.Key words relationship, Greek myths, English language, English idioms erstwhile the Republican supporter made comments on Clintons scandal, A misbehaving death chair is regarded as a governments Achilles hound dog and is expected to resign.What is Achilles heel? If you dont know it, you will not understand the substance of the supporters comments. The idiom means the weak or under attack(predicate) point of a person, organization and country, etc. which comes from Greek myths. The story is round Achilles, hotshot of the Greek heroes in the Iliad. When he was a child, he was interpreted by his stimulate Thetis and dipped in the river Styx to make him invulnerable. The water serve every part of his body expect the heel in his mothers hand. It was precisely at his vulnerable point that Achilles was later killed in Trojan battle.Greek mythology is a set of legends about the gods, heroes, natural events and universal history of Hellenic civilization. The myths of Greece mostly come from Hellenic literature such(prenominal) as Homers Iliad, Hesiods Theogony and Sophocles drama. From the Renaissance to now, Greek Myths is one of their required courses when the English people receive classical education. These stories and myths are so enjoyable that they impress themselves upon the English. Therefore the myths of Greece become the abundant supply of English language.Lets take Europe for instance. Sometimes it is alike called Europa, which before comes from Greek Mythology. In it, Europa is a princess who is abducted and carried off by a clean-living bull to Crete, the cradle of Hellenic civilization. And the bull is actually Zeus, nance of the Gods. In the same way, Paris is a persons name in like manner from Greek myths. Paris is the son of the business leader of Troy. These twain are pasture names. And the main characters from Greek mythology also appear in everyday speech.For instance, a huge or heroic task is said to herculean. This is in reward to the Greek mythological hero Hercules. And when you talk about a view as of maps, atlas will occur to you. It is named after(prenominal) Atlas, a titan who back up the heavens on his shoulders. Heres one you are credibly familiar with it. Its the word promethean which describes a daringly creative or defiantly original act, because of the Titan Prometheus, who defied the wrath of Zeus and stole drop in order to benefit humankind. And another word you may withdraw used before without realizing your debt to Greek mythology. The word panic comes from junk, the God of shepherds. Pan was always considered to be the cause of the sudden fear especially in lonely places. Thats why its called panic.Then more management will be paid to the relationship between Greek myths and English idioms. Idioms consist of set phrases and short sentences, which are loaded with the native cultures and ideas. Therefore, thither are a great deal of idioms are relevant to the myths of Greece. And these idioms are not easy to understand from its literal meanings, for example, Greek gift. Does it mean a gift made in Greece? Of course not, it symbolizes a dangerous gift. But as they are colourful, blunt, expressive and impressive, they form an important part of the Englis h vocabulary and are now used in different situations. So I will share some of them with you in view of big(a) you the background of them.As defined by famous psychologist Sigmund Freud, Oedipus complex is the unconscious confide of a young child for sexual intercourse with the arouse of the opposite sex, especially between boys and their mothers.The source of this complex is from the Greek legend of queer Oedipus. Oedipus was the son of King Laius of Thebes, a city in Greece. There was a Apollos vaticinator predicted that he would killed his father and marry his mother. So when he was born his father Laius bound his feet together and had exposed him on a lonely mountaintop where it must soon starve. Then the poor baby was rescued by a shepherd and raised by Polybus, King of Corinth. And he was called Oedipus. Years later, Oedipus, too, like Laius, thought to make it impossible for the oracle to come true and resolved never to see Polybus. But on his journey he unwittingly kill ed King Laius with whom he quarreled.He arrived at Thebes shortly thereafter and saved the city from the ravages of the Sphinx. He was proclaimed king in Laius stead, and he took the dead kings widow, Jocasta, as his sustain wife. After several years a terrible plague infatuated Thebes. The Apollo declared that the plague would be stayed upon one condition whoever had murdered King Laius must be punished. In the course of his investigation, Oedipus discovered that he himself was the killer whale and that Laius had been his real father. Finally he couldnt act against the decrees of fate. In his discouragement at this discovery, Oedipus blinded himself.Girls have a similar sexual desire for the father which is repressed in analogous fashion and is called Electra complex. It also comes from Greek mythology. Electra is the daughter of Agamemnon, the king who led the Greeks against Troy in the Trojan War. To curb favorable winds for the Greek fleet sailing to Troy, Agamemnon sacrifi ced his daughter Iphigenia to the goddess Artemis and so came under a curse. After he returned home victorious, he was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover. To avenge his fathers death, Electra helped her brother kill their mother and her lover.The allusion also comes from the Greek legend of King Oedipus. The Sphinx is winged monster having the head and breasts of a woman and body of a lion. She lay in wait for the wayfarers on the roads to Thebes and whoever she seized she put a riddle to, telling him if he could resultant it, she would let him go. No one could, and the horrible creature devoured man after man until the city was in a state of siege. And at that time, Oedipus perceive what was happening in Thebes in his lonely wanderings.He was a homeless, friendless man to whom life meant little and he determined to seek the Sphinx out and try to solve the riddle. What creature, the Sphinx asked him, goes on four feet in the morning, on two at noonday, on three in the evening? Man, answered Oedipus. In childishness he creeps on hands and feet in manhood he walks erect in old age he helps himself with a staff. It was the the right way answer. The Sphinx, inexplicable, but most fortunately, killed herself. The Thebans were saved. It is so called Sphinxs riddle which means difficult problems. And Sphinx is also used to describe an enigmatic person. The following are a few examples in actual uses.

Medical School and Pediatrician Essay

Many job opportunities are avail able-bodied in diametric types of careers. Pediatricians like children and science they help take care of sick patients. nice a pediatrician requires a lot of schooling and training it involves umteen another(prenominal) another(prenominal) different skills for every day work. The salary of a pediatrician varies on the amount of education and on the skill level. There are many job opportunities in this profession it is most likely to increase with openings.A pediatrician requires a generous amount of education after proud school. The minimum education required to flex a pediatrician is 4 long time of college, 4 years or medical school, and 3 years of residency(YourPediatrician. com 1. ) The basics that most medical schools recommend are Biology 1 course of genetics, 1 course of microbiology, and 1 course of molecular biology(2. ) Also, Chemistry, 1 -2 courses of organic chemistry, Physics, I course is basic, and Math 2 courses in concretion (2 .) A good way to get into colleges and medical schools is to earn a lot of volunteer work on the applications, colleges love to see mickle are getting involved with your community and getting hands on training (Prerequisites for meet a Pediatrician 2. ) It may take a lot of schooling and be very time consuming to become a pediatrician simply it defiantly pays off. Pediatricians need to have many different skills and talents. To be a successful pediatrician they need to have a strong love for children and a lot of patience (Prerequisites for Becoming a Pediatrician 1.)Children respond best to people who care almost them (1. ) Students must get hands-on training and care for children with illness and their extraordinary problems (1. ) They need to be exposed to a hospital setting as well as an office setting and be familiar with censorious care issues (1. ) Some other major skills needed is to be able to instruct people on what to do, coordinating and using scientific rules to and methods to clear up problems(California Career Zone 2. ) Being a pediatrician is a weighty thing to do, not just talking about the education but about all the skills and experience needed.

Gender-role transcendence & Androgyny Essay

Gender role favourable position is the principle that involves the conceptualization of a person found on his individual(a) competency and traits and not on the basis of his or her androgynous traits, fe staminate traits, and mannish traits (Santrock, 2007, p. 187). It is generally viewed as an alternative to androgyny, which is the characterized by the manifestation of some(prenominal) masculine and maidenly traits and behaviors in a single individual (Santrock, 2007, p. 184).The root word of androgyny initially sought to clarify the various issues regarding gender and the differences in gender roles. However, there several reports and critics claimed that the principles behind androgyny posed more(prenominal) problems than solutions to the issues regarding gender. Generally, the main difference between gender-role transcendence and androgyny is the basis on which their ideas are founded on. Gender-role transcendence mainly uses an approach that is person-based.Meaning to s ay, when discerning or assessing a persons proficiency and skill, it should not be based on his or her male and female traits but rather on that person as a whole. In other words, it involves thinking of individuals as people and not as feminine, masculine, and androgynous. Androgyny, on the other hand, focuses more on a persons traits since it is the presence of both feminine and masculine traits in a single person. General examples of feminine characteristics include creation affectionate, racy, and refusing to use foul and profane language, among others (Santrock, 2007, p.184). On the other hand, general examples of male characteristics include being dominant, aggressive, and willing to take risks, among others (Santrock, 2007, p. 184). Since androgyny deals with both feminine and masculine characteristics, when a male, for example, is dominant and aggressive yet is also gentle and affectionate, he is considered to be androgynous.References Santrock, J. W. (2007). Adolescence 1 2th edition. McGraw-Hill/Social Sciences/Languages.

Can Appointments Redefine Success?

It is difficult today to manage a handful of bloodline cards. The immense way to deliver business values and to increase in the customer loyalty is one to one appointments. There is no crabbed formula or not any kind of competition for pose appointments. Personal or count to face appointments grass redefine succeeder as the discussion is not done on the phone and does not involve any confusion. Organizations today ar emphasizing on the in the flesh(predicate) or face to face meetings.This oldies the customer relations with the company and has great potential in closing the final deals. Major decisions, strategies and consulting is possible with a individualal appointment. These are small things that open fire play a resilient role in the supremacy of the company. Below are benefits of appointments and face-to face meetings- progress a personal relationship. Definitely, you can create relationships with a phone call, precisely it is more effective with a personal meetin g. Impressive presentation exit certainly help develop a veracious relationship.Once you succeed in developing a relationship, you are more likely to make a sale. Easier to present your actual- Once the appointment is mold, you are sure that there would be confusion as you can present your material In person than it is over the phone. Further, In a face-to face meeting, you can get the prospects undivided attention. Handing the Information- In todays technological era, it is very easy to email Information and legion(predicate) of us Ignore the Importance of handing somebody a hard copy. care In person and surely, you pull up stakes get the success.Surely, reach an appointment can help redefine your success. You need to be keen on setting an appointment. Some simple tips can course wonders and can add to the success graph of the company. If you want to generate BIB appointments for the companys benefit, then keep on Improving the methods and the tools you are using to set appointments. Share what Is going on In your mind. Talk to people and discuss the ideas about the business leads and how to set appointments for further lead generation. If you have something out of the box, share It with others.Be yourself ND gestate In your Ideas. If you are leading to take the business to a bran- raw(a) level, hire people who can take the pressure and capacity. They can work hard to make your dream true. Working with people having lesser potency will tour of duty the growth and you will be out of the competition. translate confidence In your team and they will feel the need to depict their capableness and trust to you. They will succeed If they are working as per their rules and comfort. They should know that you have cartel In them. Identify the weak points In your BIB appointment setting team. invert the telemarketing efforts and understand the reason of the failure. subsequently Identifying the puzzles In the team, It Is easy to throw in up with a s olution. After the problem Is solved, the team along with the business moves easier and faster. You should be able to strike the oddment of creatively and business. Creative Ideas can give you some new slipway to Implement business Ideas. People who can Implement these Ideas In domain are also Important for a business team. Face to face appointments will surely help you In success by evolving confusions.Develop advanced relationships and success will be simply yours. By b2bmarketingstrategies set, you are sure that there would be confusion as you can present your material in person than it is over the phone. Further, in a face-to face meeting, you can get the era, it is very easy to email information and many of us ignore the importance of handing somebody a hard copy. Deal in person and surely, you will get the success. Companys benefit, then keep on up(p) the methods and the tools you are using to set appointments. Share what is going on in your mind.Talk to people and discus s generation. If you have something out of the box, share it with others. Be yourself and consider in your ideas. If you are willing to take the business to a new level, hire dream true. Working with people having lesser capabilities will stop the growth and you will be out of the competition. Show confidence in your team and they will feel the need to prove their capabilities and trust to you. They will succeed if they are working as per their rules and comfort. They should know that you have faith in them.Identify the weak points in your BIB appointment setting team. Check the telemarketing efforts and understand the reason of the failure. After identifying the problems in the team, it is easy to come up with a solution. After the problem is to strike the balance of creativity and business. Creative ideas can give you some new ways to work through business ideas. People who can implement these ideas in reality are also important for a business team. Face to face appointments wil l surely help you in success by avoiding confusions. Develop good relationships and success will

Scrooge’s Change in ‘a Christmas Carol’

In the novel A Christmas Carol, Ebenezer grump is a man who is portrayed as very cold hearted, the cold at heart him froze his features. He always kept attention to himself and never c bed intimately any i else. The all in all t give birth knew him as a bad man, even the blind handss dogs knew him and would push their owners into corners away from him. Jacob Marley was his partner in life, and even though their relationship was for rail line only, he was churls only friend. In regret from his own life, Marley and the Three Ghosts of Christmas change skinflints attitude towards life.Jacob Marley was much standardised crank in his life. He also was cold hearted and only cared about money. In his death, he learnt that it was too late for him to change, tho he treasured to give grump the opportunity to become a better person. Marley came to Scrooge to warn him about how he regretted non assisting people or being kind. Marley now wanted to help people in life, but he wore the chain (he) forged in life. Marleys predict startled Scrooge, but he still brushed off the precedent and thought that Marley was a dream.Jacob Marley regrets non doing all the things he could nominate in life, but Scrooge is yet to realise why he needs to change. The first shade that is sent by Marley is the phantom of Christmas past. The ghost takes Scrooge back in time to where Scrooge was born and raised. At the sight of the village, Scrooge softens and is excited for a moment before travel to his old personality. A change is shown at this point because Scrooge reflects on the good past life he had. Scrooge is shown a opinion from when he was a boy, left alone at Christmas whilst everyone else was celebrating.It shows how Scrooge is imagining friends because he is so lonely. After seeing himself Scrooge he regrets not paying attention to the people hes seen celebrating Christmas. There was a boy singing a Christmas carol at my door closing night, I would have liked to have given him something, thats all. This shows that even though Scrooge hasnt realized that he is changing, he is starting to become more aware of the things hes through wrong, and of the community. Scrooge is then shown the time when he was an apprentice, under the employment of Mr. Fezziwig.Fezziwig was a jolly old man, who always respected his workers and cared for them, unlike Scrooge. This scene gives Scrooge the lesson to be kinder to his apprentice Bob Cratchit. The ghost shows Scrooge the annual Christmas parties that Fezziwig held, where entourage were filled with laughter and joy, reminding Scrooge that he had a fun and joyful life in the past. The happiness (he) gives, is quite as great as if it cost a fortune. The ghost of Christmas Past changes Scrooge by qualification him aware of his past life, and the kindness he once showed.Scrooge is visited by a second spirit, the ghost of Christmas present. The spirit transports Scrooge around the city, showing him scenes of festivity and also deprivation that were happening as they watched. He shows Scrooge the Cratchit plate and how happy they are despite being poor, for the second time Scrooge realises how he has abused his power as an employer. Tiny Tim is introduced, he is one of Bob Cratchits younger children. Tiny Tim walks with a crutch as he has an incurable illness. The spirit shares a vision of Tiny Tims crutch, carefully continue by the fireplace.Scrooge asks if Tim will die. The Ghost first states that If these shadows remain unaltered by the Future, the child will die. Scrooge reflects back to his past unkindly comments towards two charitable solicitors against him. Scrooge suggests had better do it, and decrease the waste population (about the poor children of London), Scrooge is disgusted at his own voice communication and is concerned for Tiny Tim and his family. Bob Cratchit and his family all gather round and fasten a scrunch to scrooge, even though they know he is mocking an d the ogre of the family, they still thank Scrooge.The guests of Scrooges nephew, Fred, also toast to Scrooge despite his cruelty. The ghost of Christmas Present, changes Scrooge by making him step obliged to help the poor of London, and the ghost makes him aware of what people pretend of him. The last and the most fearsome of the phantoms visit Scrooge, the ghost of Christmas yet to come. He takes Scrooge to the future to show Scrooge what happens after Scrooges death. People question what happened to the deceased Scrooge, but most of the people oscitance and dont have any interest in what happened. They are interested in his money and possessions.He was alone by himself. This shows that when Scrooge dies he will not be missed and people will not have a care or interest. Three wealthy men remark that his funeral will be cheap, if anyone comes at all. He is taken to his house where a poor family is stealing belongings, and an unmasked assure lies on the bed. The ghost starts u nmasking the figure but Scrooge tells him to stop, as he fears the figure is him. The ghost takes him to the graveyard where his neglected grave lay. With a connection to death, Scrooge is taken to the Cratchits home where the atmosphere is sad and depressing.The family is all turn over over the passing of Tiny Tim. Scrooge wishes he was able to help Bob Cratchit more by raising his money to provide the the right way treatment for Tiny Tim. Scrooge vows to change and help people for the better. The terce ghosts and Jacob Marley, change Scrooge for the better. Their visits make Scrooge aware of his wrong-doing. They showed him what others were like in good spirits, and what would happen in the future if he didnt change. Scrooge realized how he could change and he was better than his word. The ghosts made Scrooge a better person.

Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan Pipeline and the Kurdish Issue

Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan Pipeline and the Kurdish Issue The Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) oil line of descent links the Caspian sea to the Eastern Mediterranean, it runs 1, 768 km long and is the second prolonged oil tune in the motive Soviet Union, extending finished the former Soviet re humanitys of Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as Turkey. At its capacity it dope pump up to 1 million barrels (160,00 m3) of oil per day. The twist of the logical argument was a massive childbed costing upwards of US$3. 9 billion.This considered the railway line was funded 70% by third parties (dominated by British Petroleum). Even well before its completion the BTC pipeline has had a remarkable effect on the worlds oil political relation some critics have g bingle as far to argue that it has now affected the geopolitics of the Palestinian conflict. One shag clearly see the burning(prenominal) monetary reasons to this pipeline, however what volitioning be dealt with more in this testify will be i ts contributions to world politics and the controversies that surround it.The BTC pipeline is nothing short of an engineering feat, extending almost exactly 1, 768 km crosswise extremely difficult terrain and diverse climatic and geological zones techniques and chemical coatings which may have worked perfect for one region had to be changed for other(a)s. What sets the BTC pipeline isolated though is how this ambitious undertaking affects the myriad communities and millions of citizens, do the pipeline not scarce an economic undertaking but also a socio-political issue.The southwest Caucasus, formerly an underappreciated region of Russia, is now of extreme strategic significance the US along with umpteen other Western strengths have vested interests in the personal matters of these three nations through which the pipeline runs. The BTC pipeline bypasses the territory of the Russian Federation. It transits through the former Soviet republics of Azerbaijan and Georgia, both o f which have become US protectorates, intemperately integrated into a military alliance with the US and NATO. It goes without saying that the pipeline is all about the oil, but it is equally about the social and polite development of the participating countries.In order to properly discuss the social and environmental issues of the BTC ramble, one must first have an adequate frame of credit from which the fox can be judged. There ar m all principles which one can use including those outlined by the World swear. in time for the purposes of this paper, the Equator Principles will be employ. The EPs are a set of principles outlined by Citigroup, ABN AMRO, Barclays and WestLB are a voluntary set of principles for determining social and environmental jeopardy in spue financing.The Principles, adopted by seventeen leading backstage banks, specify that express Banks would only provide loans to projects, which meet a look of conditions. These conditions include that project s comply with the International Finance Corporation (IFC) policies, that they follow the swarm country laws, among other specific requirements. A review in 2003 examined the BTC pipeline this paper will examine the Turkish section of this review (while many of the same systemic failures were bring just as well in Azerbaijan and Georgia).Based on a rigorous study of the BTC project documents, and also on two international FACT finding Missions to the pipeline route, this review set that BTC project is in breach of five EP-referenced IFC standards on 127 accounts. These sections include 53 counts in Environmental Assessment 7 counts in Natural Habitats 30 counts in endemic Peoples 28 counts in Involuntary Resettlement 9 counts in Cultural Property The study also found that the project was in breach of international standards such as World Bank standards, European Union Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment, European Bank of Reconstruction & Development.This would be a ma ssive undertaking to properly examine all of the claims made against the BTC project, so focus will instead be put in three areas Natural Habitats, Indigenous Peoples, and Involuntary resettlement. In doing so this paper will examine the role model given by the Kurdish community of Turkey. The Kurds are an example of a nation without a state they are an ethno-linguistic group without any key state. They comprise 18% of the Turkish population (an estimated 14 million).When establishing the pipeline, Turkey strategically rerouted the pipeline away from the heavily Kurdish areas and the South-East that being said much of the pipeline still runs through areas that require heavily fortify guarding. When looking at the EP section Impacts and indigenous peoples and communities (chapter 8), the project scored a non-compliance stating that the impacts on indigenous peoples and ethnic minorities not considered at all (notably the Kurds). The Kurds, an ethnic minority of the region, can ap ply for OD 4. 0 (Indigenous Peoples rights, section 8. 3), however when BTC co. lose this to speed the construction process along they broke not only the Equator principles but also the World Bank principles. Specifically the BTC project has failed to ascertain that the Kurds benefited from this project, and failed to ensure that the Kurds were adequately aware about the project prior to its completion. Also the project did not even attempt to draw up an ethnic minorities development plan (which would include schooling funding among other social programs).Operational Directive 4. 30, Involuntary Resettlement, sets out the requirements for resettlement and adequate payment for trim down acquisition. Fact-finding missions outlined in the EP document emergency powers had been used to override OD 4. 30. In many cases dis pasturement occurred before hire was complete, and when compensation was given the rates were too low. None of the communities were informed of their rights in re gards to the land expropriation. lots of the criticism coming from the consultation process of the BTC co. s interesting however, because the project did put in place comprehensive public consultation and disclosure processes commencing in mid-2001 with a process of stakeholder identification and front consultation during project scoping information briefs and consultations with local anesthetic authorities and local NGOs followed very shortly after this. On the IFC website, the claim is made that they were informed that the members of the Kurdish communities all were fluent in Turkish. As a military issue of this mistreatment of the Kurdish communities, which the pipeline passes through, many Kurdish militant groups have interpreted to sabotaging the pipeline.The Kurdish workers party (PKK) has publicly taken credit for much of this sabotage. However there was no mention of whether they adequately explain (in Turkish of Kurdish) their rights with regards to land expropriation. As a result one can see that BTC is making the bare minimum of effort required to the Kurdish communities they claim that they are meeting with the members of the community and yet there still seems to be opposite word with pipeline sabotage. Some have argued that this is just an attempt to discredit the Turkish state and bring attention to their nationalist causes in regards to Kurdistan. Regardless of hich, the BTC project has not adequately equipped these communities with the means to consult with these large firms. Much of the political tension arising from the pipeline is a direct result of the lose of environmental accountability. At 1 million barrels a day, the sum of CO2 produced in a year is equal to an entire power industry in the UK. The region of Turkey that the pipeline runs through historically is prone to major earthquakes, and there has not been adequate preparation for this. The BTC project is suffering these problems because of a complete disregard to these standa rds, but rather apparently because of a rushed approach.Couple the Kurdish issue with the evident disregard for any form of environmental accountability along with many other problems found in the two ex-soviet countries not mentioned in this paper and the project is scarcely not sustainable. If adequate structures are not put in place to allow for public dissent, the BTC is doomed to continually suffer sabotage to their pipelines. This is possibly not such a problem from the perspective of BP, who clearly can afford this expense it is however an embarrassing light to be shone on Turkey. If for no other reason, Turkey should be pressing for changes in the BTC structure.

Environmental Ethical Issues Essay

environmental ethics is the discipline that studies the moral status, relationship and regard as of tender-hearted beings to the environs, along with its apelike contents. It is the branch of environsal philosophy that extends the effected boundaries of ethics that solely takes on pieces by embracing the nonhuman world. It employs influence on an enormous variety of disciplines including geography, ecology, economics, theology, sociology and law.Throughout the years, this discipline examined issues concerning world(prenominal) warming and ozone depletion, energy use and production, toxic waste, water quality, extinction, tropical deforestation, fisheries concern, forestry management and waste management. History While nature was the center of attention of legion(predicate) nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, the innovational environmental ethics solely came into view as a scholarly discipline during the 1970s. Rachel Carsons reticent Spring in 1963, is among the available work that drew attention to the crisis (Stanford encyclopaedia of Philosophy, 2008).Carsons work is made up of several essays earlier print in the New Yorker magazine pointing how pesticides like deildrin, aldrin and DDT coalesced only the counselling through the food web. Carson theorizes that commercial farming practices designed at exploiting crop profits and yields atomic number 18 capable of affecting both state-supported and environmental health. Conversely, in 1967, historian Lynn White Jr. argues that the historical nail down of the environmental crisis is masss Judeo-Christian philosophy that promotes the overexploitation of environment (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008).White suggests that the attitude sustains human superiority over any different life form on earth and expresses that nature is created for human exploitation. Whites theory is extensively discussed in history, theology and has been undefendable to a number of sociological testi ng, on top of it being repeatedly discussed by philosophers. In 1968, Paul Ehrlich, a Stanford ecologist, published The Population Bomb, forewarn that the escalation of human population will endanger the environmental systems capability to brook life-support (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008).In addition, the forester Aldo Leopold had alike campaigned for the conservation and sagacity of environment (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2008). The concerns were inspired by a combination of esthetic and ethical responses to nature and a denunciation to offensive economic approaches that undermines the conditional relation of the environment. Taken as a whole, however, the different viewpoints of the afore say philosophers have also led to the emergence of reasonably diverse environmental ethics. Current Events Currently, environmental ethics are laying down issues in numerous areas of the bio community.For instance, the macrocosm Health Organization asserts that pestic ide poisoning, particularly in developing countries, causes al or so 50,000 deaths both year while the US Office of Technology Assessment claims that much than 90 percent of all human cancers are biologically gene pass judgment and are obviously avoidable (Frechette, n. d. , p. 2). Some believe that the major culprit of this dilemma is industrial defilement, in view of the fact that the cancer rate is likely tagging along the industrialization rate all over the world.However, the most apparent consequence that wrong use of the environment has brought today is the piecemeal changes in the global temper. There is now a vast scientific concurrence that global warming is happening and human stimulated the said dilemma. With global warming on the rise and species and habitats dwindling, the probabilities for ecosystems to naturally adapt are diminishing. Accordingly, the supporters of environmental ethics have the same opinion that something needs to be done regarding climate cha nge and global warming. FutureMany people concur that climate change may be one of the greatest issues in environmental ethics in the future. However, there are other issues in environmental ethics that are expected to continue in the future including the wilderness destruction, waste, species extinction, resource depletion, poverty, population, nuclear weapons, marine pollution, energy, ecosystems, deforestation, atmospheric pollution and the most undervalued heritable engineering. In the United States, roughly 75 percent of its processed food contains various genetically modified ingredients (McLean, 2008).Even though humans were already altering crops long before the arrival of modern biotechnology and genetics however, with the growing human population and the effects of climate change, it is even to a greater extent expected that this process will become exceptionally prevalent in the future. Environmental ethics in food crops genetic engineering creates issues like imminent h azards to the wildlife and environment potential socio-economic consequences impending dangers to human health and potential to public confidence caused in some way by refusal to label genetically modified foods as such (McLean, 2008).The plain stitch of environmental ethics is unpatternedly important as it is concerned with the manifestation of humans moral obligations with regard to the environment. Several concepts developed to provide solvent to some issues include government intervention and market failure, economic efficiency, valuing environmental resources, and the relationship between the aggregate economy and the environment. However, without the involvement of the numerous self-aggrandising polluters, it may be expected that these concepts will fall short. ConclusionThe crossway of legal, political and ethical debates concerning the environment, the emergence of attitudes that strengthen animal rights activism and the enigmas over whether an environment ethic is som ething new or only an extension or adaption of existing ethical theories are continually revealed in wider political and mixer movements. Because of the growing concern for the environment and the consequence that human actions bring upon the environment, it is evident that the field of environmental ethics will be even more indispensable in times to come.Nevertheless, despite all of these upheavals caused by divergent philosophies, every one must indispensably remember the basic rule that environmental actions are ethical when it tends to safeguard the beauty, stability, and integrity of the environmental community and it is unethical when it tends otherwise.ReferencesFrechette, K. S. (n. d. ). Ethical Issues in Environmental and Occupational Health. Association of Schools of Public Health. Retrieved whitethorn 7, 2009, from http//www.asph. org/UserFiles/Module7. pdf McLean, M. R. (2008). The Future of Food An Introduction to the Ethical Issues in Genetically circumscribed Food s. Santa Clara University. Retrieved May 8, 2009, from http//www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/conference/presentations/genetically-modified-foods. html Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2008, January 3). Environmental Ethics. Retrieved May 7, 2009, from http//plato. stanford. edu/entries/ethics-

Progressive Era Essay

In the advanced Movement that began in the new-fangled 1800s was about governmental reforms and correcting injustices in the American life. There were problems that were pre move in the American life and plans and reforms proposed during the continuous tense Era to address the problems faced by many Americans in the primaeval 1800s new-made 1900s. There were problems that were present in the American Life. Poor families lived in crowded 1 room houses (Doc1). sanitization was very hard for poor families to keep up. Children even worked between the ages of x and fifth teen years old with barely any open (Doc3).Susan B. Anthony argued to support the demand for womens right to vote (Doc8). Also in factories workers did not wash their hands while working. Some workers limbs, bugs, and rats were cut into the meats. all(a) of these issues were major during the late 1800s and early 1900s for people in the U. S. Plans and reforms were proposed during the Progressive while to address t he problems that were faced by many Americans in the early 1800s late 1900s. Jane Adams built an inexpensive house for poor families to live in named the pressure House in Chicago IL.This house was a great facilitate to families. The child labor rate dropped between 1890 and 1920 (Doc3). Women were given their right to vote. Susan B. Anthony fought for womens suffrage so woman can be treated be as men (Doc8). Upton Sinclair wrote a book named The Jungle explaining how in factories bumble meat could be used to be chopped up in other things (Doc2). A Progressive Party Platform was proposed to prevent industrial accidents for health and safety issues (Doc6). This helped with the workers limbs for being cut off in intellectual nourishment products. President Teddy R.proposed the FDA act to prevent unhealthy foods from being sent out. Expiration dates and health expectations were required. These plans and reforms helped major Americans during the Progressive Movement. Therefore in t he Progressive Movement that began in the late 1800s was about governmental reforms and correcting injustices in the American life. There were many problems that were present in the American life and plans and reforms that were proposed during the Progressive Era to address the problems faced by many Americans in the early 1800s late 1900s.

Evidence-based Interventions for a Patient Suffering from Dementia

IntroductionEvidence-based exercising has been heightend in whole wellnesscargon levels in the NHS (surgical incision of health, 2012). This is done to ensure that interventions argon certifyed by up-to-the-minute proof in health negociate and birth been found to be effectual for most tolerants (Pearson et al., 2009). The use of license-based practice is rooted in the spirit that longanimouss should simply call for theatrical genial occasion interest (Pearson et al., 2009). The same approach is apply when compassionate for unhurrieds with psychological health conditions. In the policy, No wellness without affable wellness (Department of wellness, 2012), the NHS has emphasised that uncomplainings hapless from cordial health conditions should nail select and demonstrate-based c are.This brief aims to critically discuss the case of an 80-year old woman who is suffering from delirium and the varied work outs of interventions that could be applied to the case. Consistent with the Nursing and obstetrics Councils (NMC, 2008) code of conduct, a pseudonym go forth be employ to hide the identity of the patient. This brief discusses the purpose of usher-based practice in managing patients with a progressive condition such(prenominal) as lunacy. An investigation on the different realises of evidence-based interventions and their potential impact for promoting cellular inclusion would withal be presented. A word of honor on interventions as means to develop a shared instinct of the patients needs would besides be done. Legal, ethical and socio-political factors that deviate the intervention cover would in addition be explored. Finally, the last part discusses my role as a nurse in the intervention process.Using Evidence-based Interventions for Patients with alienationThe Nursing and Midwifery Councils (NMC, 2008) Code of Conduct has stressed the importance of delivering quality evidence-based address that is patient-centred. Fitzpatrick (2007a) emphasised that the medieval model of evidence-based intervention relies plainly on current evidence from literature to support clinical decisions. trustworthy studies that are of high quality are often used to declare current practices. Fitzpatrick (2007b 2007c) exmphasised that nurses and some other health care professionals should have the skills to critically assess the quality of a field of study and determine whether the findings are applicable to ones current and future practice. Evaluating the strength of the evidence presented in a look study would require understanding of the search process and whether themes or findings from the study are credible or trustworthy (Polit and Beck, 2010). In recent years, this commentary has included best practices, personal experiences of healthcare professional on providing care, experiences of colleagues, opinions of experts and current guidelines on a health condition (Fitzpatrick, 2007a 2007b, 2007c Greenh algh, 2010). This new definition embraces other sources of evidence that could be used to help healthcare practitioners and patients make decisions regarding their care. Greenhalgh (2010) specifically points out that while in that respect is reliance on good evidence from published studies, including the experiences of nurses, expert opinion and best practices to aid decision-making would ensure that patients receive quality care.Communicating evidence from published literature is likewise all- consequential(a) in serving patients decide on the best spurt of intervention. Morrisey and Calighan (2011) emphasises that stiff communication is needed to convey findings of a study in a manner that is understandable to the patient. Successful use of evidence depends first on the quality of relationship surrounded by the healthcare providers and the patients (Croker et al., 2013. Kizer (2002) argued that for better care, the relationship between the healthcare professionals and the p atients should be strengthened first. Kizer (2002) observe that, this intimate relationship is the median(a) by which information, feelings, fears, concerns, and hopes are exchanged between caregiver and patient (p. 117).In the UK, The National Institute for Health and clinical rectitude ( priggish, 2006) and the National Collaborating bone marrow for genial Health (2007) have provided evidence-based guidelines on how to care for patients with alienation. These guidelines along with current literature, my own and my colleagues experiences, expert opinion and the experiences of my patient and her carers will form evidence on the best form of interventions for the patient. My patients name is Laura (not her veridical name). She is 80 years old with dementia, a condition that is progressive and characterized by deterioration of mental state, strong-growing behaviour and zymosis (Department of Health, 2009). A psychiatrical consultant oversees the management of her condition. Sh e has been receiving medications for her dementia nevertheless her GP and psychiatrist are discussing alternative drugs to reduce her anxiousness level and regulate her quiescence patterns. She is diagnosed with vitrine 2 diabetes and is mobilised with a frame following a broken hip. mend she is still lucid and can communicate clearly, it is a challenge to care for her during nighttime when she becomes more anxious and shows signs of confusion.Patients with dementia suffer from progressive cognitive impairments (Department of Health, 2009) that could have an impact on how they receive information from their healthcare professionals and carers and in their adherence to medications. In the case of my patient, she is now showing signs of advanced dementia (NICE, 2006). This could be a challenge since her index to spurn treatment or engage in healthcare decisions is severely reduced (Department for match Affairs, 2007). In the UK, the genial Health Act 2007 (UK Legislation, 200 7) and the Mental Capacity Act (Department for Constitutional Affairs, 2007) serve as guides on how to care for patients with mental health conditions such as dementia. These acts serve to protect the rights of the patient by locating a representative of the patient who could decide on her behalf. Hence, any interventions introduced for the patient should be agreed by the patients immediate family members or plant guardian (Department for Constitutional Affair, 2007). Since dementia is a progressive condition that could eventually lead to palliative care, the nurses have to ensure that the patient receives steal support during the trajectory of the condition. In my patients case, she needs immediate interventions for misgiving and sleep disturbance. She is overly currently taking medications for her type 2 diabetes. The NICE (2006) guideline has stated the use of psychological intervention for patients with dementia. These include cognitive behavioural therapy, which will incl ude the patients carers, animal-assisted therapy, reminiscence therapy, multisensory remark and utilization.Evidence-based Interventions and Potential Impact for Promoting InclusionA number of studies (Casartelli et al., 2013 Monaghan et al., 2012 Ewen et al., 2012) have shown that exploit could improve the mobility of patients following hip surgery. Most of these studies use the randomised controlled psychometric test study endeavor, which ranks high in the hierarchy of evidence (Greenhalgh, 2010). This type of design reduces selection bias of the participants and increases the credibility of the findings of the study (Polit and Beck, 2010). The NICE (2013) guideline for walk out also supports exercise intervention for improving patients mobility. My patient Laura is using a frame to aid her walking following a fall and an exercise intervention would improve her mobility. Con berthring that Laura is also suffering from anxiety, I counseled with the carer that we capacity con sider an exercise intervention to both manage anxiety and improve mobility of the patient. This was well-received by the carer who expressed that they could help the patient with a merged walking exercise. Meanwhile, cognitive behavioural therapy (Kurz et al., 2012 Hopper et al., 2013) has also been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety amongst patients and in regulating sleep behaviour. This form of intervention was also introduced to Laura and her carer. A programme was created where she would receive CBT on a weekly basis.It should be noted that the psychiatrist and the GP in the healthcare squad are considering on alternative pharmacologic therapy to regulate sleeping behaviour and anxiety of the patient. While this might have a dictatorial effect on the patient, it should be noted that medications for anxiety have side effectuate. For instance, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as rivastigmine, galantamine and donepezil are known to have side make on the cognit ion of patients (Porsteinsson et al., 2013 Moncrieff and Cohen, 2009). As a nurse and part of the squad, I suggested to the team to consider the cause of pharmacologic interventions on the patient. Further, the NICE (2006) guideline also states that only specialists, that include GPs specialising in elderly care or psychiatrists, should initiate pharmacologic interventions. This guideline also emphasises that the Mini Mental recount Examination (MMSE) score of the patient should be between 10 to 20 points. In Lauras case, she is progressing from moderately severe dementia to its severe form. Introducing pharmacologic interventions might only worsen the cognitive state of Laura.Meanwhile, there is muscular evidence from a systematic redirect examination (Filan and Llewellyn-Jones, 2006) on the effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy in reducing psychological and behavioural symptoms of dementia. A systematic review also ranks as high as randomised controlled ladders in the hie rarchy of evidence (Greenhalgh, 2010). Findings of Filan and Llewellyn-Jones (2006) also reveal that it can promote favorable behaviour amongst patients. This form of therapy was initially considered in Lauras case due to its possible personal effects on the sleep behaviour of the patient. However, current evidence is still indecipherable on whether the effects could be sustained for prolonged periods. In screening to my patients case, the use of animal-assisted therapy might be difficult to jam out since the patient has to depend on a carer for her daily needs. However, our team decided on using music therapy for the patient. Similar to animal-assisted therapy, there is also strong evidence on the effectiveness of music therapy in managing anxiety, low gear and aggression amongst patients with dementia (Sakamoto et al., 2013 Wall and Duffy, 2010).Importantly, cognitive behavioural and music therapies and exercise interventions all promote inclusion of the patient in the care p rocess (Repper and Perkins, 2003). In cognitive behavioural therapy, the patient and her carer receive support on how to manage anxiety and sleeping behaviour. Since carers are highly involved during CBT, there is a higher chance that the intervention would be successful (Hopper et al., 2013). It has been shown that carers of patients with degenerative conditions such as dementia are also at risk of exposure of developing depression and anxiety (Department of Health, 2009). Smith et al. (2007) explain that this might be due to the realisation that the patient would not recover from the illness. Further, these carers have to construct themselves for the patients end-of-life care. All these realisations could entice the carers own mental health (Smith et al., 2007). Hence, it is important that interventions are not only holistic for the patient, exactly should also include the carers in the process. Hence, implementing CBT would promote inclusion in practice (Wright and Stickley, 2013).The patient in my care is also suffering from type 2 diabetes. Pharmacologic interventions would include metformin and insulin therapy (NICE, 2008). Non-pharmacologic interventions include exercise, behavioural modification and diet. This presents a complex problem for Laura since it has been shown that elderly patients are also at superior risk of malnutrition due to the aging process (Department of Health, 2009). Patients with dementia could experience eating behavioural problems. When patients are admitted in hospitals, the new environment and wishing of social interaction with peers could act as triggers in behavioural problems (Department of Health, 2009). Since patients might lack the cognitive ability to express themselves, this might present as aggressive behaviour (NICE, 2006). Hence, ensuring that Laura receives appropriate nutrition during her hospital stay could be influenced by changes in her behaviour.It is important that patients with type 2 diabetes do not only receive pharmacologic interventions but should also have sufficient diet. This is seen as a challenge in Lauras case since she could experience supply problems due to loss in cognitive abilities. For instance, she might be reminded on how to chew nutrient or why she needs to eat (Department of Health, 2009). In patients with severe forms, the main aim of feeding is now focused on comfort feeding rather than allowing patients to eat the proper amount of food (Department of Health, 2009). Hence, managing Lauras type 2 diabetes through proper feeding would be an added challenge to her care.Legal, Ethical and Socio-Political Factors that Influence the Intervention Process Decisions on the care and interventions received by the patient are influenced by several factors. First, the Mental Health Act 2007 (UK Legislation, 2007) states that patients with mental health condition could hear impulsive admission to hospitals and leave whenever they want. This Act also states that patie nts could only be constrained to receive treatment in hospital settings if they are detained under this Act. Laura and her carer could refuse treatment or interventions at any point of her care and my team and I would respect her decision. Observance of this provision under the Mental Health Act would also be consistent with patient-centred care where patients are authorise to act for own benefit and to choose appropriate interventions. Apart from the sanctioned aspects that influence the delivery of interventions, ethical issues should also be observed. In the morality principle of beneficence, nurses and other healthcare practitioners should ensure that the interventions would be honorable to the patient (Beauchamp and Childress, 2001). In Lauras case, all the interventions cited previously have been shown to be beneficial to the patient. Only the pharmacologic interventions are associated with adverse and side effects for the patient (Popp and Arlt, 2011). Hence, as a nurse, I lobbied for inclusion of non-pharmacologic interventions instead of reliance on anticholinergic drugs to control the patients behaviour.In addition to beneficence, Beauchamp and Childress (2001) also add the ethics principles of autonomy, non-maleficence and justice. In Lauras case, her autonomy would be respected. Allowing patients to accede in the decision-making process is crucial. However, patients with dementia suffer from cognitive impairments that could influence their decision-making ability (Wright et al., 2009). In accordance with the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (Department for Constitutional Affairs, 2007), the carers of Laura could be appointed to act on her behalf. In non-maleficence, the main aim of the interventions is to promote the health of the patient. There are no known side effects of the psychosocial and exercise interventions. Justice will be observed if Laura receives tailored-interventions that would address her needs. It is important that regardless of the patients background, religion, race, gender, ethnicity, she should receive healthcare interventions fit for her needs. This ethics principle is observed since a healthcare team has been addressing Lauras healthcare needs.While all interventions are patient-centred, socio-political issues that could influence the interventions include the recent changes in the NHS structure where local health boards are primarily responsible for allocating currency to healthcare services (Department for Constitutional Affairs, 2007). Hence, if dementia care is not a priority in the local health board, health programmes for dementia might not receive sufficient funding. This could pose considerable problems for the elderly who are dependent on the NHS for their care. Laura has been receiving sufficient support for her mental health condition. This demonstrates that dementia care remains a priority in my area of care. A survey of the support system in my community reveals that support groups for care rs are available. This is essential since supporting carers is also a priority in the NHS (National Collaborating pore for Mental Health, 2007).Role of the Nurse in the Intervention ProcessOn reflection of the case, I have a role to coordinate care with other team members and to ensure that the patient receives patient-centered care. As a nurse, I have to adhere to the NMCs (2008) code of conduct and observe patient safety. Recognising that dementia is a progressive condition, I should also focus on interventions that not only addresses the current behavioural problems of the patient but also on preparing the carer and Lauras family members on palliative care. The NICE (2006) guideline has stated that nurses have an important role in preparing patients of dementia and their family members on end-of-life care. This could be a highly stressful stage in the patients disease trajectory or could be one of acceptance and pacification for the family. As a nurse, I have to ensure that int erventions are appropriate to the stage of dementia that the patient is experiencing. Since nurse is a continuing process, I have to inform the family members that the patient will increasingly lose her cognitive abilities and would have difficulty feeding in the last stages of the condition (National Collaborating centre for Mental Health, 2007). I have to ensure that the patient receives both uncanny and physical support at this stage.Evidence-based care is crucial in ensuring that patients receive the appropriate intervention. In my role as a nurse, I have to ensure that interventions are acceptable to the patient. I should also consider the preferences of the patient, their past experiences and their own perceptions on how to best manage their condition. Since I would be pity for a patient with declining cognitive abilities, I should ensure that her self-worth would be maintained (Baillie and Gallagher, 2011). As part of my future learning using, I will attend courses on h ow to conduct end-of-life care for patients with dementia. Through Laura, I acquire that a patients dignity should always be observed. It is recommended that in my future and present practice, I will traverse to rely on literature on the best form of interventions of my patient. I will also consult with my colleagues, seek expert opinion and the patients experiences on how to choose and deliver interventions.ConclusionEvidence-based practice is important in helping patients achieve quality care. In this case, Laura is an 80-year old patient with dementia. She exhibits the moderate form of the condition but is beginning to show signs of advance dementia. As her nurse, I have the duty to observe ethics in healthcare and to seek for interventions that are evidence-based. However, I also realised that other factors also influence the delivery of interventions. These include socio-political, legal and ethical factors. As a nurse, I have to protect the patients rights, act as her abet and ensure her safety during the trajectory of the condition. For future practice, I will continue to practice evidence-based practice. I will also encourage others in the mental health profession to always consider the patients preferences when caring for patients with dementia. When patients are unable to decide for their own care, the carer of the patient could act on her behalf. Finally, as a mental health nurse, I should constantly modify myself with the best form of interventions for patients with dementia. This will ensure that my patients will receive evidence-based interventions.ReferencesBaillie, L. & Gallagher, A. (2011). Respecting dignity in care in diverse care settings Strategies of UK nurses. International diary of Nursing Practice, 17, pp. 336-341.Beauchamp, T. & Childress, J. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics. 5th ed. Oxford Oxford University Press.Casartelli, N., Item-Glatthorn, J., Bizzini, ., Leunig, M. & Maffiuletti, N. (2013). Differences in gait chara cteristics between total hip, knee, and ankle arthroplasty patients a six-moth postoperative comparison. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorder, 14176 inside 10.1186/1471-2474-14-176.Croker, J., Swancut, D., Roberts, M., Abel, G., Roland, M. & Campbell, J. (2013) Factors affecting patients trust and confidence in GPs evidence from the national GP patient survey, BMJ Open, 3(5). Pii e002762. Doi 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002762.Department of Health (2012). No Health Without Mental Health. capital of the United Kingdom Department of Health.Department of Health (2009). Living well(p) with dementia A National insanity Strategy. capital of the United Kingdom Department of Health.Department for Constitutional Affairs (2007). Mental Capacity Act 2005 Code of Practice. Norwich The letter paper Office.Ewen, A., Stewart, S., St Clair Gibson, A., Kashyap, S. & Caplan, N. (2012). Post-operative gait analysis in total hip replacement patients- a review of current literature and meta-analysis. Gait Posture, 3 6(1), pp. 1-6.Filan, S. & Llewellyn-Jones, R. (2006). An animal-assisted therapy for dementia a review of the literature. International Psychogeriatrics, 18(4), pp. 597-611.Fitzpatrick, J. (2007a). Finding the research for evidence-based practice Part one- The development of EBP. Nursing Times, 103(17), pp. 32-33.Fitzpatrick, J. (2007b). Finding the research for evidence-based practice Part two-selecting credible evidence. Nursing Times, 103(18), pp. 32-33.Fitzpatrick, J. (2007c). 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How to have a relationship Essay

? A relationship is a way of connecting. The connection could be mingled with people or objects. Listening to my grandmother talk fairish about relationships helped me apprehend how things have completely changed over clock times. My grandmother stated that relationships where more precious back then and people stayed together for all the right reasons. She communicate me that when you love some atomic number 53 you loved them like no other. When it came to marriage they lasted farseeing-run than they do directly. Having a relationship with soulfulness was the thing to do.At star time relationships actually had meaning people were with each other be ready they loved them. This showed me the commitment discriminate of relationships, when people actually stayed faithful to the person they were with. present tense men and woman say I love you adept for the mutation of it. But be honest e precise(prenominal)one you know or k radical either emmets a relationship, has a r elationship or has endureed a role in one either as the main buffer or the sideline. Relationships ar change, complex commitments that we take seriously or play around with like a rag doll.Serious relationships start from the fountainhead knowing what it is that you indirect request how you want it and how youre spill to get it is the fore closely step in committing to a relationship. Yes commitment underside be very hard to do. Especially when were accustomed to doing things our own way without having to answer to someone else. Understanding the person you be trying to commit to is a practiced way to start a serious relationship. It is authorised to gather as some(prenominal) maintaination as possible and take as much time as pauperizationed to ensure that you know the person that you are in a relationship with.Taking the steps and looking at past relationships can help you gain if the relationship might be what you are looking for in life. It is true that no matte r how long you have known a person you may never unfeignedly know who that person really is. It is also important to know what we want before committing ourselves in. Whether that relationship is a marriage or just a boyfriend/ girlfriend committing to someone should begin with feelings being involved. Relationships become complicated when you have disagreements, other people etc.I feel that it takes ii to make a relationship wreak and if two parties are non commented then it will never work. Its like the eighty-twenty rule which explains that one person is giving there all and all and the other person only gives what is necessary at that time. How can a relationship work if both parties are not on the same level and are not commit to each other? Complicating in relationships come from problems that we cause ourselves, from not committing or giving our all to the relationship. As for myself Ive had a few relationships in my day.Some best ones and then some that I would give anything to take back and wish that I had never committed myself to. Not saying that you would have the same outcome as I did but just make sure that the love is real. If we go into a relationship knowing that we are not there for a long time then it makes the relationship less complicated. In these type situations just make sure that you inform the person with how you feel before going into the relationship. It is important to have a clean understanding of what each ships company wants.Having false feelings in a relationship can be the most thinnedful thing when you actually find out so so try to avoid coming into these situations. Communication is a huge part of a serious successful relationship. Communicating with your collaborationist is a very good stress reliever and understanding method. Having communication builds send and loyalty, which are two other things that are very important in a relationship. When a person is in a relationship they expect their attendant to be understanding, have good take careing skills and be there when they need you.Sometimes its just best to sit back and listen to what the other person had to say. You never know what you might learn about your partner if you just listen. Always remember to keep the lines of communication uncovered throughout the relationship. For me, I think that one of my biggest downfalls in previous relationships is the pretermit of communication between my partner and me. I also have problems with my partner not being able to support himself and maybe even help me every now and then, dont get me wrong Im not asking him to take care of me in no means what so ever but help every now and then would be good.As I did research on the content of relationships, I learned that there are several steps that can be taken to have a successful relationship. First it is important to ensure that you trust your partner. Does your partners communication lift you just to bring you right back down? How do you an d your partner bulk with conflict in your relationship? Do you have compatible pecuniary values? When you are thinking about starting a new relationship think about some of these questions. They might help you to understand the relationship better and if thats what you really want. Maintaining a trusting and long-lived relationship is going torequire some work on both sides and especially in these times. As long as there is trust and communication between both parties then there is a good chance that the relationship will work. I plan to take my time and know the person that I intend to be in a serious relationship with. I dont want to hurt anyone and I definitely dont want to be hurt. I look forward to finding love one day that is pregnant and lasting but until then I will continue to inform my partner how I feel and what I am looking for in the beginning. I will ensure the line of communication stays open.

The Reflective Manager

The contemplative Manager nonobjective check and the effect of its application in relation to brass acquisition father attr exertioned a growing attention. It is recognised that reprimand is the vital essence for either unmarrieds or administrations scholarship process. It is believed that disapproval is a very definitive comp angiotensin-converting enzyment to put through successful functional behavior. Moreover, condemnation is the crucial pattern in the process of exploiting tuition transcriptions. In this report, the conceptions of criticism and vital grammatical construction factor volition be discussed and the coefficient of censure in pull in spite of appearance organizations volition be investigated as well.In addition, the emphasis of the article is the application of reproval and thoughtfulness habituate on organizations. The objective of the report is to evaluate the application of rumination theory and to query what is the impact of pract icing criticism on organizations. Keywords Reflection, fine reflection, organization acquire, working behavior, reflection figure Introduction More and more batch nowadays pay their interest in the application reflection and vituperative reflection in an organization.The concepts of reflection and precise reflection be non specific but there argon no common and recognized definition for reflection and unfavourablely reflection. Based on the purpose of investigation how reflection and practice reflection affect and enhance organisational activities and achievement, reflection many general layd as the acquisition theories involve a review of ones suffer and an epitome of thinking and march while the description of lively reflection in accordance with recognizing ones self objective and interests and learning ab foreshorten assumptions, background and per produceance enhanced oriented satisfys.As early as in 1983, Schon firstly brought the concept of reflection into the professional area and gave the definition of reflective practice say the application of cognition to practice with the consideration of self- companionships. Reflection acts the most valuable role in converting ones experience into knowledge jibe to Kolbs research on experiential learning (Kolb, 1984). Reynolds pointed out in 1998 that form that time on, reflection was deemed to be the essential part in the process case-by-caseistic and organization learning, particularly when with reference to learning as exploitation rather than deriving information.The difference between information and knowledge is that knowledge is incorporate information with experience, judgment and skills. Reflection persistently turns out as a recommended method of assisting individuals and organizations know better about what they do and get a line in practice of the knowledge that learned from practice (Loughran, 2002). musing practice is a vital element of heaps of occupations courses while the sarcastic reflection currently breaks a pivotal component of lots of alumna managerial degrees (Swan, Bailey, 2004).Cunliffe say that managers stand exploit more cooperative, reliable clean-living courtes of management by more critically considering about their conception and act or in another words more critically reflection. It is believed that critical reflection is focused on more interest. The beginning of theory of critical reflection is developed by Jurgen in 1972. In 1999, Brooks express that critical reflection benefits in enhancing work practices, assessing organizational objectives and policies. He pointed that the staple cogency of critical reflection is to critically ask questions.The measurement of whether critical reflection benefit to working practice is a practical approach of evaluating the contribution of critical reflection. A means brocaded by Argyris and Schon that called double-loop learning offers such evaluation. It can be concluded by questio ning critically, sating an whimsey and requesting feedback from ones audience, trying with new working approaches and action and victorious new viewpoints. The contemporary collaborative has existed as the crucial way of working relations and acted as the major role in establishing society institution.The tidy sum between companies has reduced the influence of state, family residential and clean community in order to accomplish a dominant position. The growing influence of expert Corporation has restrained the conflicts among disparate institutional requirement. The practice of commercial sight suffuse current life by offering individual identity, organizing experience and time, impacting knowledge creation and education and supervising news creation and recreation.Some authors surround that the influence of management on peoples lives and the impact in forming ethic, economic and purlieual restrictions is generally too significant for their actions to be say by a limited , helpful shape of justifiability (Alvesson and Willmott, 1992). Critical refection insists on liner the hided interests and ideologies and on exploring objectives of questions that contribute to message management thinking and activities.Critical reflection objects to the kinds of conceptions that make for the logical necessary of authoritarianism in organizations, the unchallenged value added to receive of economic and the conservation of unfair in treasure and right. Critical reflection challenges compliance to the concepts like unavoidable cost of improvement, general knowledge or reality argued by Collins in 1991. pedagogy originations and individuals that deliberately carry ethically pauperized courses for managers as meriting of defiance and acting in contravention of ones self-interests should be criticized and noticed (Reed, Anthony, 1992).Reed and Antony insist that managerial teachers and organizations should encourage mangers to foster the awareness of difficulties that they encountered so as to help them be conscious of self-significance and self-responsibility. Mangers have to be impact to consider the uncontrollable sophistication that confronts them without colorable help of skills and objectives. The objective of reflection concerns with the investigation of impact of political and civilizational processes on development and learning being integrated into any kind of managerial education, particularly when endorsement and franchise are not distributed fairly.Since some people are continuously confront with despite because of their gender, age and religion while policies of developing and practice are depended on some mechanical measurement, critical reflection should be utilize in order to provide wise social system for tough these processes. Critical reflection offers the flexibility based on a more living analysis method. It is apprehensive if managerial education does not involve critical reflection. Reflective practices In order to investigate the impact of reflection on the link between organization and learning conglomerate aims of reflective practice will be presented.The connection between practice and reflection has been falled. There were lots of existing trials to connect various kinds of reflection to organization learning. Mezirow described a detailed scheme that classifies seven levels of reflection. For instance, the first level is reflection form daily experience of ones awareness of seeing, thinking and action while the last level is critical reflection form consciousness. Jarvis stated that the concept of Mozirow is restricted to the interpretation of individual, numinous conversion but not social transform although it is useful.Other authors stressed that the aim of reflection practice ought to have social activities although it is an in mind process (Kemmis 1985). Kemmis described reflection with terce levels, the technical reflection, the practical reflection and finally the critical r eflection. For the first level, the technical reflection is problem solving oriented with the process of selecting available approaches to accomplish certain result. For the flake level, the practical reflection relates choose the correct and permit result. While for the third level, the critical reflection concerns the content of historical thought.It is utter that the critical reflection offers the fundamental of a justice society. Similarly, Hindmarsh illustrated three levels of reflection to survey the graduates in transferring from students to occupation employment. Furthermore, to understand the previous reflection practice levels, take the technical reflection, the principle of this level is unquestioned. For instance, students may be essential to finishing a specific studying calls questionnaire or the favorite discover of the teaching group so as to develop lessons based on personal learning style.While for the practical reflection level, there is still no questioning at this level. For instance, a specific form of learning style may be selected for reason that its fundamental learning principle is sustaining of an organization atmosphere that the course is meant to improve. Finally, at the level of critical reflection, underlying conceptions that become the basis of learning style are suspected form an schoolman or ethical viewpoint. For instance, this kind of learning style may be selected from a way of comprehending distinction in learning methods and an option make based on more related to supportive research.Alternatively, both of these should be rejected for the consideration of its invalidation to interpret the impact on inclining method of age, gender or class and its original dependence on classing, enhances a possibly discriminatory method of being employing with personal difference. bespeak group work as an example of reflection practice, it was ordinarily applied in managerial development to enhance combination and intimacy by co ncentrating basically on personal and interpersonal action, inspiring self-shown and an analysis of individual experience without any gregarious or civilizational interpretation.However, a more critical way can be used by offering a contextualized concentration and designing expositive structures which capacitate a gregarious and moral analysis. All of these examples have elucidated the three levels of reflection. Moreover, Russ and Vince described another three levels of reflection practice. The first level is the individual in an organization, the objective of reflection at this level is to discover and conclude the role than a person act and the organization that manage the presentation of the role.The concentrate on role provides chances for managers to understand the methods their jurisdiction is built and limited in an organization. A role offers the structure that person and organization satisfy. Although the transformation of self-experience declares the peculiarity of the i ndividual, planting personal experience in the role stresses the relationship to the organization. It is not possible that reflection on ones personal experience will create relegate and learning itself.However, it is possible to remind conceptions or antecedent connections into problem at the time when reflection is pursued based on relating person, ones role and organization in ones mind (Shapiro, Carr, 1991). The second level is team or sub system, the objective of reflection is to discover and absorb connections between the edges of other and self, and between the edges of branches. The concentrate is on the joint role of belonging, describing, striving for democracy, and the straits concerned with traveling across the edges of various organizations.This provides chances for managers to get experience from the creation of governmental activity with mutual perpetration or separation, via corporation and competition, and through organization meshwork or nations. This level of reflection is on sub systems which are usually operated within the branch. deep down the inherent organization, reflections of inter groups of sub systems are more collective which usually break the communication among different components. The third level of reflection is the full(a) organization, the objective of this reflection is to discover and absorb connections across inside and external construction.It is in relation to the organizational action produced via personal and mutual authority and flectional experiences. The concentrate is on the process of systematism that the road to create an organization. The reflection at this level is to provide chances for managers to investigate aware and unaware flectional and governmental procedure that draw the organization characteristics. Reflection practice research on a lodge A company with an expectation of high economic developing and development in generally not likely to encounter employment failure which produce seldom pressure on mangers.The organization seems not to be confronted with failure and risk and therefore managers are in an environment without risk awareness. nary(prenominal)adays organizations unawares help to silent or unconfident managers that are afraid of failure and risk hence segregate themselves in a self-empire. In order to deal with such organizational issues, the company has raised an idea of organization learning and learning organization. For example, the staff of the company can profit from training and learning during working.This kind of learning is covered to the entire company and that has affected on its working teams. It leads to the company an improvement in workers attitude and practice as well which indicates the organization is learning. While on account of personal learning all over the company, the influence on the company itself is therefore organization learning. For the company the organizing learning process is sullen rather than personal learning. The p rocess is designed started with the creation of the initiative of rebuilt the company and hence inspires lots of staffs enthusiasm.However, new entry employees met the barriers from the power relations like some senior managers which brought some disappointment that resulted in the failure implement of the initiative. Then the company raised a egalitarian reflection process objected to change the situation, which removed the rooted authority relationships that define the organization. The difficulties the company encountered in learning and change results from managers personal cognition of reflection, and the spaciotemporal organizational dynamic via which these cognitions are produced and enhanced.The personal viewpoints of managers about reflection relates in reality contains keeping away from what is occurring, reconsidering about what was finished and investigating individual thought. The point of reflection is on assessing something from past but not within the present. To c onclude, the reflection practice within the company is supposed to be an individual responsibility. It can be described as the work of managers, whether the manager is kick so as to consider about the problem or issue and which way the manager sued to deal with the problem.Although these individual reflections from managers can create increase and change for the company, it is the organization success form individual. One failure shot for the company is that it is lack of the ability to produce a process of organization reflection which will raise the progress from individual to organizational. The limitation of the learning ability for the company should be broken by developing the ability of reflection to an organization level. ConclusionsThis report has an overview of how the application reflection and reflections practice are encouraged and benefit to the organizations for learning, change and critical. In general, the main conclusion is that reflection and reflection practic e are the essential components of individual learning and organizational learning and are aspects of competitively advantages. In this report, the concept of reflection has been discussed on the basis of some literature review, and the distinction between reflection and critical reflection has been compared as well.In the section of reflection practice, the report has presented some different description about the levels of reflection practice. In spite of these arguments, reflection practice may be classified from individual oriented to organizational reflection. Reflection is action in mind with the objective of investigating ones action in a certain situation. It is said that within organization, true(p) staffs are those who are critical reflective. However, with the examination on individual reflection and organization reflection, it shows that there is a difference between them.According to the example addicted in the previous paragraph, the company relied on individual abili ty of reflection can be transformationed to be depended on the organizational ability of reflection so as to enhance the ability of learning and changing for the organization. In a word, reflection can benefit to either individual learning or organizing learning but organizations should make more effort to shift the reflection levels so as to get competence and advantage in the global commerce environment. References 1. Argyris, C. and Scho? n, D. A. (1996), Organizational Learning II.Theory, Method, and Practice, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, rude(a) York, NY. 2. Alvesson, M,, & Willmott, H, (1996), do sense of management A critical introduction. capital of the United Kingdom Sage, 3. Cunliffe, A, L, (2004), On turn a critically reflexive practitioner. Journal of Management Education, 28(4), 407-426, 4. Feminisms and Critical direction. New York Routledge. McClaren, P. L. (1987) Education as Counter Discourse Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Hope, The Review of Education 13 (1) 58-68. 5. Hoyrup, S. (2004). Reflection as a marrow process in organisational learning.The Journal of Workplace Learning, 16 (8) pp. 442-454. 6. Kemmis, S. (1985). Action research and the politics of reflection. In D. Boud, R. Keogh, D. Walker (Eds. ), Reflection Turning experience into leaming (pp. 139-163). London Kogan Page. 7. Kolb, D. A. (1984) Experiential Learning. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall. Kosmidou, C. and Usher, R. (1992) Experiential Learning and the Autonomous Subject, in D. Wildermeersch and T. Jansen (eds) large Education, Experiential Learning and Social Change. Amsterdam VUGA/Uitgeverij BV. 8.Loughran, J. J. (2002). Effective reflective practice In search of meaning in leaming about teaching. Journal of teacher Education, 53, 33-43. 9. Mezirow, J. (1981) A Critical Theory of Adult Learning and Education, Adult Education 32 3-24. 10. Steen, H (2004) The Journal of Workplace Learning Vol. 16 No. 8, 2004 pp. 442-454 Reflection as a core process in organ isational learning. 11. Woerkom, M. , Nijhof, W. , & Nieuwenhuis, L. (2002). Critical reflective behaviour a survey research. Journal of European Industrial Training 26 (8) pp. 375-383.